cial concerns, the post-incarcerated individual may be faced with physical and emotional problems. Contagious diseases such as AIDS or hepatitis C are then spread to the community. Psychological disorders, which may include PTSD, lead to further debilitation for the ex-prisoner and concerns for the community. These factors further complicate employment efforts and the ability for the post-incarcerated individual to obtain social support required for reintegration into society.
Gorski (2003) points out that the prisoner faces Post Incarceration Syndrome (PICS) and relapse. PICS is described as a set of symptoms found in many incarcerated and recently released prisoners. Being subjected to prolonged incarceration in punitive environments leads to a lack of opportunities (education, job training, or rehabilitation), and it leads to solitary confinement and abuse. The restrictiveness of the environment, and the number and severity of abuse incidents, have been shown to lead to emotional stress. This emotional reaction is described by: Institutionalize
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