to cover an expression of displeasure or anxiety), and the use of emblems -- hand gestures that are usually easily understood but which are, in liars, "only partly displayed, and not in the normal presentation position" (Argyle 81). Another phenomenon that has been observed in people trying to deceive is that head and body movements will often display great disparities. In a study of a patient attempting to present herself as well enough to leave mental health facilities (in order to commit suicide) it was found that the head movements were entirely geared toward the false presentation of wellness but body movements "conveyed information that she was actually still disturbed" (Harper et al. 137). Still more research on deception has raised the important possibility that people motivated in deceive by various reasons (e.g., protection of a third party as opposed to self-interest) might also "produce different patterns of nonverbal behavior" (Stiff, Corman, Krizek and Snider 578). The preset identification of any specific set of patterns of nonverbal
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