tory of the Joads) and the general (the suffering of poor workers). These criticisms are reasonable, but they ignore the fact that the book should be taken at face value, that an author of Steinbeck's skill knew what he was doing and intended the structure to be just as it is. He deliberately seeks to interrupt the straightforward narrative flow with more direct statements about the suffering of the migrants and the forces, institutions and groups which cause that suffering. Pizer argues that these disparate chapters are unified by the "authorial emotion of anger" and by the cyclic structure moving toward the hope of t
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