lvement, and beliefs (Kelly, 1996, p. 321).
Petrosino (2000) states that social scientists need more quality studies regarding the juvenile population to provide information for an evidence-based approach to solving the crime problem. The number of quality studies must be increased, and the evidence acquired must be systematically reviewed. The author concluded that reliable evidence is needed before the results can be put into action (p. 635).
Lopez and Emmer (2000) offer the contemporary view that a valid study of juvenile criminal behavior must include an integrated approach. This theoretical frame of reference may be used to help study and understand causes and treatment of violent juvenile crime. The authors state that an integrated or "grounded" theory is necessary for the comprehensive study of cognition, emotion, and the contexts of delinquent crime (pp. 292-294).
Most theories have tended to study criminal behavior from the situational perspective, employing contextual cu
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