crimination held over from the previous century; the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission set up a series of federal "affirmative action" hiring regulations in 1971-72 that extended the rights of women and minorities into the workplace (Ginzberg & Yohalem, 1973, p. 1-2).
The economic reversals of the 1970s and 80s did not suddenly cast out women from the workplace once again (although, like other minorities with low seniority, they were usually among the first to be laid off). A new reality emerged: the necessity of the two-income household. The middle class ideal of the "man=work/woman=home" equation, popular since the late 1800s, fell prey to the fiscal reality of post-boom America - a household needed two providers to make ends meet (Springen & Rosenberg, 1995, pp. 36-37). By 1986, 60% of all married couple families had both husband and wife as wage-earners (Berger, 1986, p. 2).
As the place of women was becoming firmly established in the American workforce, problems began to emerge concerning where in that workforce women could go. 1982 Bu
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