European universities produced research laboratories in a number of sciences during the nineteenth century. Psychology joined this network when Wilhelm Wundt was asked to chair in philosophy at the University of Leipzig. Wundt is referred to as the founding father of psychology, establishing the subject and method of scientific psychology. Wundt founded psychology as an independent science with a laboratory for psychological experimentation at Leipzig in 1879. He advocated experimental psychology and attempted to discover basic elements and their attributes that make up the mind. He founded the first journal given to experimental psychology (Fagan & Vanden, 1994; Koch & Leary, pp. 8-12; Popplestone & McPherson, 1994; & Schultz & Schultz, pp. 79-94).
Social, economic, and political forces influenced the development of psychology as a science in the United States. During the early part of the twentieth century, American psychology changed from laborator
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