regarding the mental processes involved in mass response and crowd behavior. These years also brought the use of public opinion polling in the Unites States and university psychology departments began joining in the use of quantitative methodology to measure propaganda responses regarding campaigning and war news. Beres and Anderson (1999) further pointed out that it is the individual citizen that can be found behind the war scene, acting like part of a herd as they deny their individuality and join others in their beliefs.
Wessely, Hyams, and Bartholomew (2001) noted the effects of media stories on the use of chemical and biological weapons. The authors pointed out that fear results in psychological reactions and resulting attitudes. Levels of fear, anxiety,
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