ty in engineering endeavours, of which software programming is one, is an outcome of institutionalised peer review. Physicists and engineers do not conceal their procedures, techniques, and the unseen underpinnings of their creations from their peers or the users of their creations. The history of software developed within the closed source programming system is characterized by software that has generally low levels of reliability (West & Dedrick, 2001).
The open source movement is a comprised of software programmers and other computer users. The open source movement advocates unrestricted access to the source code of software.
Programming is the process of describing the transformation of input values to corresponding output values. Assuming that a program is deterministic (the same input will always produce the same output) the program acts as a function that maps the input values to output v
...