ion competes with a model asserting an African human origin. The models diverge on the question of when regional differentiation occurred. In this regard, Stringer concludes that the single, African origin most satisfactorily accounts for the emergence of distinctive Homo sapiens characteristics.10 The fossil record alone, says Wells, argues an archaic-African origin for modern man, with migration toward Asia and Europe and subsequent differentiation following.11
Controversy surrounds these competing theories, located in various modern sociological, ethnographic, historical, and anthropological implications of the multiregional hypothesis. A significant body of work advocating the replacement theory has emerged in recent years based on examination of ethnographic and anthropological evidence that tends to support the theory of the mitochondrial Eve. Further, this work as a whole appears intended to demonstrate that anthropological, archeological, and historical theses that deny what Ardrey popularized as "African genesis"12 are really a proxy for racism aga
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