erican government to appear to be doing something to improve security.
Somewhat later the United States proposed changes to the Unified Command Plan (UCP) that defines the military defence and security operations by Canada and the United States in conducting North American Defence. The changes implemented unilaterally by the United States created a new command, NorthCom, which assumes responsibilities for defence and security over a geographic area that includes Canada (Macdonald 3).
Critics in Canada contend that, through NorthCom, the United States will assume the defence of Canada. Critics contend further that Canada is negotiating with the United States to place a large proportion of CanadaÆs armed forces under a permanent United States-led integrated command, NorthCom. Not surprisingly, the Canadian Department of National Defence denies the validity of both of these contentions. In this context, Lieutenant General George Macdonald, Vice Chief of the Defence Staff, stated that (a) Canada will retain sovereignty over its own territory, and
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