Red Guards: By the mid-1960s, a caste system had developed among students where one level were the children of intellectuals and another level were the children of party members, cadres, and other officials. While the former usually held better marks in school due to their family background and the encouragement they received at home, the latter, because of their revolutionary background, were considered on a higher level and were more likely to get government jobs and official employment, even though their marks were lower. It was in the midst of this factioned system that Mao instigated the Red Guards as a student movement that would be a frontline tool for the Cultural Revolution Group. The Little Red Book, a small indoctrination book containing quotations by Chairman Mao, was considered essential equipment for anyone in the Red Guard. Between August and November 1966, six rallies were held for the Red Guards where Mao sought to encourage them to fight the Four Olds, which were old ideas, old culture, old customs, and old habits. Mao used phrases like "Bombard the headquarters" and "Learn revolution by making revolution," energizing the Guards, each wearing red armbands, to then systematically storm the homes of better off officials or known intellectuals looking for anything that could be considered counter-revolutionary. Not only were homes destroyed, but many people were also humiliated, tortured, and even killed. As the campaign continued, the Guards ran out of people to accuse and would often create charges against suspect or disliked individuals, or even each other. The Red Guard soon veered out of Mao's control, but they were still influential in carrying out his plan of toppling party officials and so accelerate an internal revolution, where Mao would be in control. This mass organization was officially begun in mid-1966 and officially disbanded in mid-1968, though the Cultural Revolution was not necessarily over unti...