ward by Aristotle that, in some instances, the impact of and the output of a system may indeed be greater than it would appear when attempting to impute total effect from the additive and cumulative effects of the components of a system. In other words, the elements of a system working in concert create effects that are greater that would be he case if the components of the system were functioning independently outside of the system structure (von Bertalanffy, 1972).
General systems theory as conceived by von Bertalanffy (1976) viewed system structures as open systems. An open system necessarily interacts with the external environment within which it exists. Thus, the holistic perspective toward system analysis and system understanding assumes even greater importance.
World-Systems Analysis: Wallerstein
Wallerstein's (2005) approached systems analysis from the perspectives of political science, economics, sociology, and political geography. His approach involved the development of an understanding of and a framework for the analysis of global relationships between states, economies, and societies. The core idea in Wallerstein's (2005) world-systems analysis is the dependency links between core state and periphery states within a unified system framework.
Wallerstein (2005) also envisioned as semi-peripheral classification between the core classification and the peripheral classification. An essential argument in world-systems analysis is that core states/economies exert sufficient control over resources and resource use to assure that (a) dependency
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