had become intolerable and population pressures had forced the city government and planners and engineers to consider more extensive use of both steam and electric rapid transportation systems. This was particularly important said Feinman (1-2) because of the growing importance of Brooklyn and other outlying areas including the ocean areas of Brighton Beach, Manhattan Beach, and Coney Island. The development of commercial, industrial, residential, and entertainment facilities in these communities was another factor that Feinman (1-2) identifies as facilitating the creation of ever more extensive rapid transport lines and systems that were ultimately electrified by 1899 when steam passenger service was terminated on a number of key lines. Simultaneously, Feinman (4) stated that elevated transit lines running above ground were connected to subway lines and street surface lines to construct a complex network of transportation systems and spokes serving the metropolitan area.
Haupt (1) said that the horse car era began in New York in 1834
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