olicing, including the use of strategic oriented policing involving organizational transformations to create greater efficiency in organizational management and structure, neighborhood and community partnerships, and the use of problem oriented policing (Office of Community Oriented Policing Services, 2011). Strategically, the development of neighborhood oriented policing creates collaborative partnerships between law enforcement and the individuals and organizations served including other government agencies, community members and groups, nonprofits and other service providers, private businesses and the media.
In terms of the development of strategic oriented policing, community oriented policing calls for geographical accountability, establishing clearly defined and roles and accountability for all managers, using specialized assignments and teams for immediate and/or rapid response, and focusing on problems identified at the local level (Oakland Police Department, 2008). Problem-solving is widely understood as the process of engaging in the proactive and systematic examination of problems to develop and evaluate effective responses. As the Office of Community Oriented Policing Services (2010) notes
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