India
India is the second most populous co
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India is the second most populous country in the world, with more than 800 million people. It is also one of the poorest countries, with a 1991 gross national product (GNP) of $330 per capita ("India," 1993, p. 1394). The nation became independent within the British Commonwealth in 1947 after a protracted and bitter struggle against British colonial rule. Internal political turmoil, cultural clashes among various subgroups and the overpopulation of the country have all contributed to its slow economic development, but recent governments have taken steps to improve the nation's economic standing. This research examines the current economic position of India and the efforts being undertaken to improve that position.India is a federal republic with legislative power in Parliament, composed of two houses. The president is the constitutional head of state, elected for five years by an electoral college made up of both houses of Parliament and the state legislatures. The president exercises executive power based on the advice of the Council of Ministers, which is responsible to Parliament. The president also appoints ministers, including the Prime Minister. Despite the official hierarchy provided by the constitution, the president is largely a figurehead, with power resting in the hands of the Prime Minister. Culturally, the nation is defined by a rigid class (caste) system which traditionally has defined the jobs and functions that a
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as the principal source of exports during 1990-1991. Other major trading partners include the United Kingdom, Germany and Japan. Principal exports include gems and jewelry, engineering products, ready-made garments and leather products. Principal imports include non-electric machinery, mineral fuels, pearls, iron and steel ("India," 1993, p. 1394).
For the financial year that ended in March 1993, there was a budget deficit of 138 billion rupees. India secured aid and aid commitments for $6.7 billion during 1991-1992, and had a total external debt of $71 billion at the end of 1991 ($62 billion of this was long-term public debt). Servicing this debt cost the equivalent of 31 percent of earnings from the exports of goods and services. Inflation, which averaged 8 percent during the 1980s, surged to more than 16 percent in 1991, but fell to 9 percent by mid-1992. Unemployment in rural India is officially 6 percent, but is anticipated to be approximately 23 percent when underemployment is considered ("India," 1993, p. 1394).
The government which came into power in 1991 substantially changed the eighth Five-Year Plan to cover the period from 1992-1997 instead of the original period of 1990-1995. The main focus of the plan remai
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Approximate Pages = 9 (250 words per page)
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