mar. Bangladesh is completely surrounded by India with the exception of a small border with Myanmar. India's population is primarily Hindu (approximately 80 percent) and Muslim (approximately 11 percent). Other significant minority populations include Christians, Sikhs, Buddhists and Jains. Because of the large population itself, even a minority population such as the Muslims constitute a group of more than 80 million ("India," 1993, p. 1389).
Internal and external tensions threaten India. Because of the many subgroups, there have been outbreaks of violence within India; Prime Minister Indira Gandhi was assassinated by members of her personal guard in 1984. Demonstrations and strikes continue throughout India as the population registers its discontent with various government policies, religious interference or other highly emotional matters. Violence between Hindus and Muslims is particularly common, as is violence in the Sikh community.
Since the late 1970s, India has sought improved relations with neighboring countries, and agreements on water rights have been concluded with Bangladesh. A working committee has also been formed to research methods for mitigating the devastating floods that occur in the Ganges delta. Relations with Nepal have continued to deteriorate as the two countries dispute trade and transit treaties. Interim agreements have been reached which permit trade to continue between the two countries, but relations are tense at most times.
Relations with Pakistan have also been stormy over the two nations' histories (Pakistan was formed as a Muslim state at the same time that India gained independence). While disputes with Nepal focus on trade and transit, tensions with Pakistan have their roots in the religious differences that characterize the two nations.
India has traditionally had a close relationship with the Soviet Union, and it is unclear how the disintegration of that nation will affect Ind...