g is a discipline that requires a shift toward seeing wholes or interrelationships rather than things; unhealthiness in the world today can be viewed as in proportion to the inability to see it as a whole (p. 68). People tend to ignore underlying problems and shift the burden of their problem to easy solutions that ameliorate symptoms. For example, systems thinking requires participative openness and reflective openness, with skills such as reflection and inquiry, dialogue, and dealing with defensive routines. Since these skills take time and persistence to develop, often the focus is shifted to symptomatic solutions such as simply talking more about problems as a response to a need for participative openness (pp. 276-8).
The learning organization requires the fifth discipline, systems thinking, with tasks that take time to learn and master such as, mental model reflection, shared vision, and dialogue. Systems t
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