in which they participate as do all other species. Urbanization, by its definition, however, includes large populations of humans living and working in an environment that has been modified specifically to support their activities. The natural environment is likely to have been modified so that migration patterns are disrupted, nesting and denning regions are disrupted, and entire species might be threatened with the loss of their habitat.
At the same time, the built environment creates new habitats for some animals, such as coyotes in suburban areas and pigeons and hawks in urban areas. Rats have adapted notoriously well to urban environments and the built environment that mimic an ideal natural rat habitat. Similarly, some insects—most notably cockroaches—have learned to thrive in built environments.
The socio-economic aspect of the urban environment is important to the extent that it affects the policy decisions that are made
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