Women in Management Introduction For the past fe

Any discussion that focuses on the specific characteristics or styles of women in management runs the risk of stereotyping both men and women. Stereotypes are based on sexrole expectations and, although these have been changing in modern U.S. society, those expectations are still deeply ingrained. These expectations can lead to selffulfilling prophecies, in which individuals perform the way we expect them to perform, or to biased evaluations, in which men and women are judged on different criteria.

In their study of sex effects on evaluation, Nieva and Gutek (1980) noted that most of the research indicated that there is a promale evaluation bias, in which competent women are evaluated as less competent

. . .
nd wave of women in management was able to use new styles that were distinctive because they emerged from women's experiences as women. There is still little evidence of this, however, in metaanalyses of the research (Eagly and Johnson, 1990; Eagly et al., 1992). There are a number of explanations why the differences may not be showing up in the research, including the selfselection/organizationselection process identified earlier, bias in the research, selection bias, the fact that most women managers are still from the first wave, and other factors. There is a new trend toward seeing female and male managers as having different styles and characteristics, but not viewing that as a negative for women, but a positive, either as an advantage or as an equally good way of managing and leading organizations. For example, in her discussion of women's ways of leadership, Helgesen (1990) noted that women's styles enable them to accomplish things that more male styles make difficult. Like Rosener (1990), she indicated that women's style of management is more participative and flexibility, offering an advantage in a more diverse workplace and in an environment where creativity is vital in order for the organization to survive and
. . .

Some common words found in the essay are:
Eagly Johnson, Nieva Gutek, Trends Future, United Hellwig, Management Introduction, Body Shop, Women Management, Tom's Maine, Brown SM, Review NovemberDecember, women management, female managers, male female, male managers, women managers, indicated women, women's style, style leadership, rosener 1990, research indicated, male female managers, indicated women managers, wave women management, research indicated male, male versus female,
Approximate Word count = 2192
Approximate Pages = 9 (250 words per page)

More Essays on Women in Management Introduction For the past fe