destination region (TDR). In our analysis, Sydney, Australia, represents the TGR. Qantas airline represents the TR and the TDR is the island of Bali. However, the holistic tourism system also functions as a microcosm within a larger macrocosmic environment which has an impact on it. There are social, cultural, economic, and environmental environments which surround the whole tourism system that directly and indirectly interact with the tourism system. For example, Australia’s economy has produced an excess of capital for me, capital which I will invest in the Bali economy by visiting there. In other words, a whole tourism system involves relationships that may be direct or indirect among the elements involved, but they are only significant in many cases when looking at the whole not in and of themselves, “Elements forming systems do not become constituents of the system by means of their immanent qualities, but by means of their distribution or arrangement within the system…(Elements) are, from a holistic viewpoint, not significantly connected with one another except with reference to the whole” (A Sociology 30).
Since I am a resident of Sydney going abroad, the category of tourism that my trip represents is the outbound tourism system. The travel and tourism industry involves many sectors, including marketing, carriers, accommodations, attractions, touring, coordinating, and others. However, the travel and tourism sectors affect different countries in the whole tourism system, “In a fully-developed form, industries function in all geographical parts of a whole tourism system. This occurs if tourists use services pre-trip, in transit, and in destinations. Then, a comprehensive term refers to a travel and tourism industry. The ‘travel’ parts are in generating regions, and the transit routes and the ‘tourism’ parts are in destinations, all working cooperatively, to some extent, to form an industrial cha...