NURSING CONCEPTS

The nursing theories of Betty Neuman and Dorothea Orem are compared within the context of the four major concepts of the metaparadigm of nursing. These four concepts are person, environment, health, and nursing (Wesley, 1994, p. 2).

Orem's theory of nursing is the Self-Care Model (Foote, Holcombe, Piazza, & Wright, 1993, pp. 26-32). Self-care is defined as the practice of activities by individuals which they personally initiate and perform in their own behalf in maintaining their own life, health, and well-being. The self-care model is structured around six central concepts and one peripheral concept (Orem & Taylor, 1986, pp. 37-71). The six central concepts are (1) self-care, (2) self-care agency, (3) therapeutic self-care demand, (4) self-care agency, (5) nursing agency, and (6) nursing system, while the peripheral concept is a set of basic conditioning factors. There are six elements involved in the application of Orem's self-care nursing model, as follows:

1. Goals of action. In the model, these goals are to (a) accomplish the patient's self-care demand, (b) move the patient toward responsible self-care, and (c) involve in care, or transfer responsibility for care from nursing to the members of the patient's family, or significant others who attend patient.

2. Patiency. Nursing intervention is required when a patient self-care deficiency exists. Balance is restored

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nd stability function as a single process. Matter, energy, and information are exchanged by a system and its environment through a process of inputs, outputs, and feedback. In the functioning of this process, energy is both absorbed and depleted. The goal is an equalization of energy gain and loss at a desired level, as a means of maintaining stability. Comparing the Theories The two theories are compared within the context of the concepts of the metaparadigm of nursing. Person, environment, health, and nursing are discussed separately. Person Within the context of the Neuman Health Care Systems Model, person considers every individual to be unique, and holds that each person consists of a composite of characteristics within a normal range of such characteristics (Ross & Helmer, 1988, pp. 30-36). The person is considered to be an open system who interacts with her or his environment. Within the context of the Orem Self-Care Model, person refers to the individual receiving care--the patient. The person is a human being, a unity that can be viewed as functioning biologically, symbolically, and socially (Orem & Taylor, 1986, pp. 37-71). Within the model, the focus is on the persons ability to perform self-care, which c
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Some common words found in the essay are:
Orem Taylor, Systems Model, Model Neuman, Patiency Nursing, Pierce Hutton, Self-Care Model, Piazza Wright, Ross Helmer, Comparing Theories, Dorothea Orem, systems model, health care, care systems, health care systems, care systems model, orem taylor, self-care agency, nursing agency, self-care model, therapeutic self-care, self-care demand, pp 37-71, neuman health care, therapeutic self-care demand, neuman systems model,
Approximate Word count = 1801
Approximate Pages = 7 (250 words per page)

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