knowledge, skills, and motivation. The intervention mode is concerned with the nursing agency, which consists of the compensatory, educative, and developmental systems used by the nurse.
6. Consequences: intended and unintended. The intended consequence is the development of effective self-care behavior. The unintended consequence is a situation in which a patient is not interested in self-care.
Neuman's theory of nursing is the Health Care Systems Model (Pierce & Hutton, 1992, pp. 15-18). There are 21 major concepts Systems Model (Neuman, 1990b, pp. 241-261). These concepts are (1) a holistic approach to the client, (2) a holistic view of the client, (3) an open systems approach, (4) environment--both internal and external, (5) interaction of human and environment, (6) a survival structure, (7) a process of interaction of matter, energy, and information, (8) system input and output, (9) system feedback, (10) negentropy--energy absorption, (11) entropy--energy depletion, (12) stability, (13) reaction to stress, (14) wellness, (15) illness, (16) the system's normal line of defense, (17) the system's flexible lines of defense, (18) the system's lines of resistance, (19) the systems degree of reaction, (20) the concept of prevention as intervention, and (21) reconstitution.
A holistic approach to the client means that all needs of the client must be addressed as an interactive system Pierce & Hutton, pp. 15-18). Neuman (1990b, pp. 241-261) stated that client may be defined as person, family, group, community, or issue. Neuman's holistic view of the client requires a
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