study may shed some new light on how the two types of surgery affect children differently, and on whether coping can be predicted from knowing their attention focus, which may help doctors and parents prepare children for surgery. The review does not end with a synopsis of the state-of-the-art knowledge on the subject. There are no quotes in the review of the literature, and none are needed.
III. Critique of Conceptual Framework. There is no explicit theoretical or conceptual framework for this study (LaMontagne, Hepworth and Cohen, 2000, 245-252). It is simply observing facts, and using them to extend current knowledge on the subject. The absence of an explicit framework does not detract from the significance of the paper. No conceptual definitions of the concepts are given because they are not needed. No theories were tendered in this paper. Phenomena were studied, but no expectations were stated, and no theories to explain expected findings were given.
IV. Critique of Hypothesis. No hypothesis was used for this study (LaMontagne, Hepworth and Cohen, 2000, 245-252). The researchers merely wanted to see if there was a differential effect in coping strategies between children undergoing minor and major surgery, and whether better predictions of coping could be made if the child's attention focus was known. They made no predictions of any differences, or the effects of attention focus. No hypothesis was nee
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