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s changed from a five-point to a ten-point response scale for the second edition of the LPI. Responses from observers can now be categorized by their relationship to the leader. There are five scales of leadership practices, each measured by responses to six statements, on a 10-point Likert scale.

The sample size used in the analysis of the scale was 17,908 (Self = 2,072; Manager = 1,426; Direct Report = 5,234; Co-Worker/Peer = 5,591; and Other = 3,585). The LPI demonstrates strong internal reliability for both the self and observer scales, with Cronbach Alphas for all scales above the .75 level (Wiley, 2002) (Table 1):

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