ion learned when a human or animal perceives no control over repeated bad evens.
2. Self-determination raises self-esteem, but too many choices leads to a decrease in life satisfaction.
Most people take the credit when for a positive even but blame an outside source for a negative event.
On most subjective and socially desirable dimensions, people see themselves as better than average.
Unrealistic optimism is the perception that things are better or will be better than they are.
1. False consensus is when someone overestimates the extent to which others agree with them.
2. False uniqueness is when someone perceives their own talents and abilities as more unique than they are.
Other self-serving tendencies include cognitive conceit or "misremembering" something, justification of undesirable acts, using talents to judge others by same criteria, self-flattery, believing flattering data more than otherwise, and basking in other people's success.
Self-esteem motivation is the quest for self-confirmation to verify self-conceptions.
The dark side of self-esteem is that those with a high self-esteem become more violent and antagonistic when they feel threatened.
Reflections on self efficacy and self-serving bias: Self-serving bias can aid in survival by protecting people from depression and increase dependency on group survival but excess self-esteem can be very disruptive.
False modesty triggers compliments and conveys good sportsmanship and graciousness.
Self-handicapping protects people from failing outright, since they can blame it on another problem.
Impression management takes place when someone monitors the way they present themselves in social situations, behaving in ways designed to create a favorable impression.
V. Personal Postscript: Twin truthsùthe perils of pride, the power of positive thinking. Self-efficacy is empowering to the individual, while self-serving bias is degrading of othe...