f the Chinese Communist Party (Ruskola, 2000). Further, although people in China have the right to vote at local levels, the CPC sets policy according to its own agenda (Eckholm, 2001).
The structure of a bureaucracy is hierarchical in relation to both control and responsibility. The hierarchy is a chain of command wherein each lower office is under the control and supervision of a higher office. This dictum does not hold in China where regional bureaucrats tend to ignore the centralized national bureaucracy (Oliver, 1993).
Demonstrated technical competence is an essential criterion for the appointment of a person to the staff of a bureaucracy. The bureaucratic model rejects nepotism, favoritism, and corruption as bases of membership in bureaucracies. The bureaucracy in contemporary China, however, is rife with corruption (Ruskola, 2000). In recent months, the CPC has made efforts to root out come corruption ("Rocking the boat: Corruption in China," 2001). Corrupt government officials create skepticism among the Chinese citizenry in their interactions with government.
The staff of a bureaucratic organization is separate and distinct from the administration under which a bureaucracy exists. This dictum does not characterize bureaucratic organizations in China, however, where the governmental bureaucracy and the Chinese Communist Party are virtually one body, albeit with different titles in each institution (Ruskola, 2000).
No position holder in a bureaucracy holds any right of tenancy to that position. Persons within a bureaucratic organization both gain and hold their positions through demonstrated competence in the performance of the duties associated with those positions. As stated earlier in this assessment, the governmental bureaucracy in contemporary China is rife with corruption "China: Party Outs Two, Charging Corruption," 2001). Thus, this dictu
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