and even immorality in some degree. Advocates of modern ethics, such as William Bennett, editor of The Book of Virtues, argue that some personal choices are morally superior to others, and they see the matter not as the right to choose but the right way to make the choice. One of the moral issues raised by the Republicans concerns the work ethic. The Republicans see welfare as undercutting the will to work and so consider welfare to be itself an immoral program.
We live in a so-called welfare state, and the Welfare State has been explained in many ways, with different origins and reasons for its existence given. Baldwin notes that there are many different arguments as to why it exists at all, along with other studies of every facet of this type of state as an institution and as a historical entity. He sees these theories as existing along a continuum from two extremes. At one extreme are those who see the managerial state as having certa
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