s, the application of power in organizations, productivity, organizational commitment, and job satisfaction.
A preponderence of the literature related to motivation relies on the psychological theories of needs satisfaction (McKeachie, 1979; Begin, Settle, and Alexander, 1976). There are several variations of the needs satisfaction theories; how ever, all are related to either Abraham Maslow's (1954) hier archy of needs or to Frederick Herzberg's (1966) two factor theory of motivation and hygiene. Although there are some sim ilarities between the theories of Maslow and Herzberg, there are also some significant differences.
Maslow classifies human needs as either lower order or as higher order. Included in the lower order needs are those related to: basic drives, such as hunger, thirst, and sex; and security, which includes protection from the elements (through
the use of shelter and clothing), as well
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