Liocaine During Laryngoscopy & Intubation

Endotracheal Intubation. An endotracheal tube is inserted through the larynx into the trachea (Morgan & Mikhail, 1996).

Intravenous (IV) Lidocaine. Aqueous lidocaine hydrochloride, 5 ml in a 2% mixture, administered IV, 4 minutes before endotracheal intubation (Morgan & Mikhail, 1996).

Topical Lidocaine. Aqueous lidocaine hydrochloride, 5 ml in a 4% mixture, sprayed topically to the upper airway and vocal cords 4 minutes prior to endotracheal intubation (Morgan & Mikhail, 1996).

Blood Pressure Change. For this study the blood pressure change will include an increase in systolic blood pressure of 10 mmHg or more at five, ten, and fifteen minute intervals, compared to pre-induction blood pressure.

Heart Rate Change. For this study the heart rate change will include an increase in heart rate of 10 beats per minute at five, ten, and fifteen minute intervals, compared to pre-induction heart rate.

For this study, archival data to be reviewed will be from hospital charts and will not include physical or psychometric measurement of subjects.

Hospital Charts. For this study hospital charts for the 40 patients used as subjects will be reviewed for archival data regarding heart rates and blood pressure. Heart rate was recorded on the chart based on EKG readings. Blood pressure information was b

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ll be transferred to a data collection form. Names of patients will be omitted from this form. Data will then be tabulated by the researcher. APPENDIX A Letter of Introduction This study involved a retrospective chart review of patients who underwent noncardiac surgery that required intubation, and received either intravenous or topical application of lidocaine for the blunting of increased heart rate and blood pressure responses. To conduct this study, I will need the charts for 40 males and females, 20 of whom received 5 ml in a 2% mixture of IV lidocaine, 4 minutes prior to endotracheal intubation, and 20 of whom received 5 ml in a 4% mixture, sprayed topically to the upper airway and vocal cords 4 minutes prior to endotracheal intubation. This letter is to inform the reader that participation in this study will involve no deception and no risk to participants. Participation in the study is anonymous and case information will be confidential; names of patients will be omitted from the data collected. Results will be viewed by third parties. Hospital participation is voluntary and refusal to take part in the study involves no penalty or loss. Participants may withdraw at any time without penalty or loss. Any fu
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