ss important than water, "food is necessary to keep up metabolism and maintain body temperature." Thus, when considering a desert trip, the outdoor professional must carefully prepare to ensure that these elements are accounted for.
Without water, one cannot survive in the desert. In hot climates that have low humidity, sweat loses its cooling effect because it quickly evaporates. Thus, water loss is inevitable. The average skin temperature is 92 F. Once this temperature is reached, the body loses water in order to cool off the body. At temperatures under 100 F during moderate hikes, a bare minimum of one gallon per person per day is needed. Additionally, it is prudent to use undrinkable sources of water, or even urine, if necessary, to cool off the body. Staying hydrated, or drinking enough water, is important for survival in the desert.
It is possible to obtain water from natural sources in the desert; however, it is best to check before embarking on a desert trip to ascertain exactly where these sources are located. One can turn to plants and animals as indicators of water sources. Additionally, in the desert, sources of water take the forms of rivers, creeks, springs, catch basins, playa lakes and tinajas. Mature cottonwoods indicate that, nearby, is a water source. The cottonwoods release water in the mid-afternoon after sucking it up during the morning. Water can be reached with minimal digging. Javelinas not only locate subsurface water but also dig up its source, making it an accessible source of water. Burros also dig up water holes; however, the water must be purified in order to prevent saliva-transmitted disease. Rivers are a constant water supply. Creeks also are a source of water; however, sometimes a little digging may be necessary. It is best to dig where the creek curves because this is the last part of the creek to dry up. Springs can be found by looking for greenery. However, the existence of spr...