Diabetes Hypoglycemia

Diabetes is a disease that develops as a result of the body's inability to make appropriate use of food consumed, which in turn is the result of an insufficiency of insulin (Hanestad, 1992, pp. 229240). Type I diabetes is defined as insulindependent diabetes, while Type II diabetes is defined as non insulindependent diabetes (Spollett, 1993, pp. 2728).

The individualistic character of diabetes "demands a careful, sensitive balance between lifestyle and treatment" (Macheca, 1993, p. 26). Normal physiological control and good health are considered as essential in altering the progression of the disease (Anderson, Fitzgerald, Gorenflo, and Oh, 1993, pp. 4140). Thus, the development in diabetic patients of effective selfcare behavior is required, if the progression of the disease is to be controlled outside of an hospital environment (Tu and Barchard, 1993, p. 113). As soon as diabetes is detected, it is important to begin at once a program to control the disease (Pollock, 1993, pp. 8692). A properly treated person with diabetes can be both free of symptoms and feel well (Thom, 1993, pp. 97112).

Both acute and chronic complications may beset the diabetic patient (Macheca, 1993, p. 26). Of the acute complications, the most prevalent in insulintreated patients is hypoglycemia. More than 90 percent of Type I diabetics experience episodes of symptomatic hypoglycemia, and some Type II diabetics also experience symptoma

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their own behalf in maintaining their own life, health, and wellbeing. The selfcare model is structured around six central concepts and one peripheral concept. The six central concepts are (1) selfcare, (2) selfcare agency, (3) therapeutic selfcare demand, (4) selfcare agency, (5) nursing agency, and (6) nursing system, while the peripheral concept is a set of basic conditioning factors. The Orem selfcare model of nursing is implemented within the "nursing metaparadigm concepts of person, environment, health, and nursing" (Fawcett, 1989, p. 216). The first quality indicator (bloodglucose levels must be maintained within the 4.4 to 8.3 mmol/L range) must be measured by the diabetic patient at home through the use of either a bloodglucose monitor or BGM test strips (Macheca, 1993, p. 28). This quality indicator is an outcome standard. The nurse can assure that these measurements are being made by instructing the diabetic patient in the maintenance of a health diary in which the required bloodglucose readings are entered (Price, 1993, pp. 3752). The nurse can enhance the probability that accurate measurements of blood glucose levels are made by the diabetic patient by educating the patient in the use of glucose moni
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Approximate Pages = 5 (250 words per page)

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