The undertaken study examined eating disordered behavior and cognitions in a sample of nutritionists. The study can be placed within the context of the existing knowledge-base through a review of current literature in the field which has relevance for the variables of interest and nutritionist sample examined in the undertaken study. The review presented here provides this context by first defining the condition (Eating Disorder) and describing its types and subtypes. Behavioral and cognitive features of eating disorders are then delineated. This delineation is followed by a discussion of the literature as it relates to eating disorders in professional nutritionists.
Eating Disorders: Review of Current Literature
The American Psychiatric Association (1993) defines eating disorders as physically and/or psychologically harmful eating patterns and notes that in American society the condition has increased dramatically over the last twenty years. While there are several types of eating disorders, the two most frequently diagnosed types are Anorexia Nervosa and Bulimia Nervosa (Cooper & Fairburn, 1992).
Each of these two types, along with relevant subtypes have been characterized by Sue, Sue and Sue (1994). According to these authors, Anorexia Nervosa is characterized by a refusal to maintain a normal body weight appropriate for one's age and height (most anorexics are 15 percent under their normal body weight); intense fear of becoming overweight which does not diminish despite weight loss; and body image disturbance. There are two subtypes of the condition, restricting anorexia and binge eating/purging anorexia.
Bulimia Nervosa is characterized by recurrent episodes of binge eating (usually two or more per week) accompanied by loss of control of eating during the binge cycle, the use of vomiting, exercise, laxatives, and/or dieting to control weight, and overconcern with body weight and shape. There are two subtypes ...