tion" (Edmond, 1989, p. 100).
Often employees do not want to make a career change, but feel that they have no choice. Career counselors generally urge employees who are dissatisfied with their work to make every possible effort to keep their present jobs. Before making the change, employees are encouraged to "consider what effect it will have on your career, your family and your financial obligations" (Nivens, 1989, p. 110). Sandroff (1990) points out that career change "isn't always a smart idea; after all, you have invested time in building your skills and credibility at your present job" (p. 84). Nevertheless, there are certain cases in which the only way to solve a work-related problem is to seek employment elsewhere. This is especially true in cases in which the organization itself is cutting costs by laying off employees (Sandroff, 1990, p. 84).
Once an employee has decided to make a career change, there are certain stages which must be followed in making the change. Career change is not something which is to be done hastily. In this regard, it has been noted that a well-planned career change can "take at least a year - or more if you need supplementary education" (Edmond, 1989, p. 100) . The stages of career change inclu
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