ates [also called Latin states] was a lack of manpower. Europeans did not emigrate in sufficient numbers to assure an adequate defense of their conquests against determined Moslem counterattacks" (Beeler, 1971, p. 123). As a result, by the time the Moslems were united, it was necessary for crusader forces to recruit disparate Christian elements from across Europe and to derive feudal loyalty from them; we are back to the weaknesses of military discipline and strategy embedded into the creation and deployment of mercenary military forces with no particular national loyalties beyond the promise of property that was an important aspect of feudal relationships.
Beeler cites the ability of mailed cavalry to launch attacks in the East; however, he attributes the success of such attacks to infantry support in the field. But the overriding point he makes is that "there is no indication that the entire host of the Frankish states was ever assembled under a single banner. But even if it had been, and even though no limit was set on the length of service, such
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