achingààààààààà 12
Scope of Researchàààààààààààààààààààààà 14
2. REVIEW OF THE LITERATUREàààààààààààààààààà.. 15
Hydrometallurgical Processing of Copper Oresààààààààààà..15
Practice and Operational Considerationsàààààààààààààà.18
Application of the Leaching Solutionààààààààààààààà..22
Geology of Major Copper Mineralsàààààààààààààààà.24
Distribution of Porphyry Copper Depositsààààààààààà..27
Origin of Porphyry Copper Depositsààààààààààààà..28
Mineralization and Zoningààààààààààààààààà..28
3. GENERAL CHEMISTRY OF COPPER MINERAL DISSOLUTIONààààà..33
Theoryàààààààààààààààààààààààààààà33
Kinetics àààà.ààààààààààààààààààààààà46
Thermodynamicsààààààààààààààààààààààà 55
4. DIAGNOSTIC LEACHINGàààààààààààààààààààààà65
Introductionààààààààààààààààààààààààà 66
Morenci Tails Diagnostic Leach Testsààààààààààààààà 66
EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDUREààààààààààààààààààà 75
CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS FOR FUTURE WORKààà.. 90
WORKS CITEDààààààààààààààààààààààààààà.. 99
The occurrence of native copper near Lake Superior, is first noted in a book by Lagarde, published in 1636. The letters of Jesuit missionaries in the seventeenth century, working in this area, refer to the use of this copper by the local Indians. Father Jerome Lalemant, wrote in 1659, that the coast of Lake Superior had copper of such quality that pieces as large as a man's fist could be found. Father Claude Allouez, similarly wrote in 1666, of finding pieces of pure copper of ten to twenty pounds in weight at the bottom of Lake Superior. It was also noted from writing of the time...