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AGGRESSION Introduction The development of ag

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The development of aggression can be viewed within the social learning context. Social learning theorists such as Bandura help explain how the child learns to be aggressive; parental caregiving behaviors are also considered. Aggression found in the elderly needs to include the possibility of disease as a contributing factor. Additional theories regarding aggression include psychodynamic and biosocial possibilities. Aspects such as male and female roles, and sexism are also viewed as incorporated into the individual's behavior through a learning process.

Social learning theory is applied to the development of aggression within the individual; focus is on the consequences of aggression in terms of social or material rewards accrued. Aggression is a functional and learned behavior. Bandura's theory of reciprocal determinism states that the child affects the environment and the environment affects the child during personality development. Internal personal factors such as cognition and affection, the individual's own behavior, and the nature of the environment, including people, books, television, laws, and social standards, are all interaction. Through social learning, the individual learns patterns of behavior, thinking, and feeling (Corsini, 1977).

Aggression is viewed as leaned by an interaction of learned consequence, environmental conditions and personal factors. Aggression is acquired through observation of

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found in some cases. Evidence links explosive rage to disorders involving the phylogenetically ancient limbic system, to include the amygdala and hippocampus of the temporal lobe, the hypothalamus, the fornix, the cingulate gyri and cinguate bundle, the septum pellucidum, and the septal area. The limbic system contains mechanisms for the production and control of angry aggression. Subjects demonstrate dyscontrol from early life, traced to prenatal, natal, or postnatal events, including birth injury, fetal anoxia, and infantile convulsions. Head trauma and other cerebral insults result in explosive rage. Men are found to be more affected than females, at all ages (Roy, 1977). Aggressive behavior is also linked to high androgen levels in the plasma. A common metabolic disorder that causes explosive rage, is hypoglycemia. Premenstrual tension is another common example of the effect of endocrine and metabolic factors on the rage threshold; feelings of depression, irritability, futility, and persecution may be accompanied by a decrease in plasma progesterone: estrogen ratio (Roy, 1977). Psychological characteristics may influence aggression. For example, partners with conflicts over dependency and autonomy, with behaviors
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Approximate Word count = 2640
Approximate Pages = 11 (250 words per page)

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