arn aggression from a model of influence; parents increase or decrease their child's aggressive responses. Television and movies also demonstrate aggression and provide a model for children. Parents are found to expect their sons to be more aggressive than their daughters. By the age of four, sex differences in aggressive responses, such as hitting, tend to appear. Fighting, quarreling, destructiveness, and temper tantrums are more common among boys than girls. Bandura has found that boys perform more imitative aggression than girls after being exposed to aggressive models; females are believed to observe more severe socialization pressures regarding aggression than males (Donelson, 1973).
Literature shows that in general, a more mature style of self-control is acquired by middle childhood, however,
psychological, emotional, and social developmental processes continue throughout adolescence. Aggression in children is found to ba a relatively stable attribute which predisposes them to antisocial personality disorder and substance misuse in later life. Aggressive children demonstrate cognitive deficits and distortions which include the inaccurate labelling of affect, imperfect problem solving techniques, and perception of hostile intentions of others (Kaplan, Thompson, & Searson, 1995).
Studies show the effects of nonparental and out-of-home care on infants, toddlers, and preschoolers. Evidence reveals that nonparental care can have detrimental effects however it is not necessarily the case. Nonparental care is associated with behavior problems including aggression and noncompliance. Care providers that are sensitive and stable, and establish relationships with their children may help eliminate these effects. It has also been demonstrated that environmental settings with secure attachment relationships early in life are associated with lower rates of abnormally aggressive patterns of behavior later in childhood (Cons...