dy; the constant is that all the patients were morbidly obese. The independent variable is morbid obesity; the dependent variables are the two types of surgery.
D. The theoretical framework for the study is that laparoscopic surgery, because it is less invasive, and usually involves a much shorter hospital stay and much shorter recovery time, will produce a better early postoperative result than open surgery. There is only one concept involved so there is no need to link concepts. There is no theoretical framework involved in this study. It is not testing any theoretical concept. It is looking at practical outcomes from two differing procedures for treating the same problem. It is a comparative study of established techniques. There is no framework to relate the study to. It is a simple observational study, not a theoretical one.
E. The literature review is virtually non-existent. It only cites two randomized studies of the problem, and gives absolutely no details whatsoever about these studies: it just says there were two previous studies. The literature review did not guide the study because there was nothing found to guide it, with only two previous studies being found. The researchers did not base their study on previous research. They devised their own study because there was a lack of previous research on the chosen topic. There are no specific gaps in knowledge pointed out in the literature review because there was no literature as such to review. No information was available on the subject of the study, so there were no known gaps to fill in: the whole topic was a gap in the available literature. Primary sources, such as they were, were used in the literature review.
F. There are no stated research hypothesis because no hypothesis was being tested. No research questions were being proposed. This study was simply comparing the outcome of two techniques used for addressing the same problem. Because the...