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Two Theories of Multi Cultural Counseling

versalist theory states that the basic schools of psychological thought can apply to most people with the simple addition of some cultural considerations, methods, and techniques. In other words, in the Universalist (sometimes called 'the culture-general') approach argues that there can be an integration of traditional Western schools of thoughts and methods with multicultural counseling and, therefore, there is no need to toss away traditional Western methods of thought in a search for other more culturally relevant methods.

Haley (2004:1) has delineated the general orientation and assumptions of the universalist or culture-general approach. These are:

1. The approach defines culture in a broad, inclusive and universal manner.

2. The approach defines culture in a broad, inclusive, and universal way.

3. The approach teaches about the dangers of stereotyping people.

4. The approach focuses on the language of one's own cultural group and emphasizes cultural loyalty.

5. The approach provides clients withe information on the cultural issues of acculturation and oppression.

6. The approach recognizes the importance of gender roles.

7. The approach encourages identity development, self-esteem, and self-awareness.

8. The approach works to help the client understand his/hers and others' worldviews.

It must be noted here that the Culture-specific focus, is far more rejecting of traditional Western psychotherapeutic techniques than the Universalist approach. Indeed, the culture-specific approach views Western psychotherapeutic methods such as counseling and therapy as techniques designed primarily for white males and, therefore, in appropriate for use with diverse populations. Making this very point, Nwachukul and Ivey (1992: 151-161) state that:

In the culture-specific approach, we start with the culture and its peoples and search out natural helping styles. Rather tha...

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Two Theories of Multi Cultural Counseling. (1969, December 31). In LotsofEssays.com. Retrieved 11:18, March 29, 2024, from https://www.lotsofessays.com/viewpaper/2001420.html