language learning, the status of the target audience, and the process of language learning itself. Learner characteristics such as personality traits, learning style, learning strategies, and attitudes have also been identified as significant aspects which play a role in determining learning outcomes.
Iskold (2003) maintains that cognitive models of learning view it as an active process that requires high degrees of learner involvement. Such models assume that interconnected concepts in memory may result from formal education or other experiences. A cognitive theory of L2 acquisition examined the mechanisms that underlie comprehension and production and the means by which L2 competence develops in the mind of a learner. This approach assumes that strategic learning is necessary in that it focuses on discrete components such as vocabulary or on understanding and commun
...