an instructional system, being closed, is a true system in that its output is guaranteed and verifiable--by definition and by structuration, whereas an educational system, being open, is, at best, a loose system, i.e. one whose output cannot be guaranteed and not necessarily verified. The THRUPUT is the behavior modification subsystem, i.e. the teaching/learning program less its input and output components. The thruput (or throughput) is of itself also a system which contains a number of subsystems.
The Natural Approach curriculum: System design
The Natural Approach is a learner-centered pedagogical approach to language-arts. "The key difference between learner-centered and traditional curriculum development is that, in the former the curriculum is a collaborative effort between teachers and learners, since learners are closely involved in the decision-making process regarding the content of the curriculum and how it is taught" (Newman, 1988, p.2).
As a comprehension-based approach, The Natura
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