). The fewer tasks associated with a job create higher levels of job specialization. Standardization is concerned with the detail of specification associated with task performance and work methods. Discretion refers to the leeway a worker has in deciding how to perform a task. Expertise defines the level of knowledge and skills required of a worker.
Job content "establishes the scope and depth of the job" (Tersine 305). Both job enlargement and job enrichment are actions designed to broaden job content. Job enlargement leads to lower levels of job specialization, while job enrichment expands a workers level of functional responsibility. Job scope reflects the number of different a worker must perform. Job enlargement expands job scope. Job depth reflects the discretion a worker has in planning and organizing work. Thus, job enrichment expands job depth.
Work methods are intended to "maximize productivity and efficiency by determining the best way to perform the tasks of a job" (Tersine 306). With respect to work methods, a job may be subdivided into elements of (1) tasks, (2) elements, and (3) micromotions. Micromotions are the smallest activities associated with the performance of job. An elements is comprised of two or more micromotions, while a task is comprises of two or more elements. A job, thus, is the sum total of the tasks that must be performed.
A job description "is a written statement outlining the contents and essential requirements of a job" (Tersine 320). Both the tasks and the activities involved in the performance of a job are defined in a job description. Three general elements found in most job descriptions are (1) "a summary of duties, responsibilities, and working conditions" (Tersine 321), (2) detailed descriptions and explanations of the essential tasks and responsibilities of the job, and (3) qualification required for the job. Some job descriptions also include wage and salary ranges (T...