e experiences of second language learners, Connor and Kaplan (1986) conclude that the writing traditions, patterns, and expectations of a primary language tend to be extremely persistent and highly influential in shaping written communication and composition in the second language. Others, including Fakhri (1994), agree and have suggested that most learners transfer features from the first language (L1) to the second language (L2) and/or even avoid certain L1 structures or experience a delay in the restructuring of an interlanguage rule.
Chomsky (1975) has offered some interesting comments applicable herein. Chomsky sees language as a self-contained formal system used more or less incidentally for communication. Nevertheless, Chomsky (1975) does believe there is some connection between the structure of language and its purpose, including communicative function. Chomsky (1975) does point out that not all linguistic exchanges (in the form of speech or writing) are intended to communicate information, feelings, or needs. Chomsky considers language to be a set (finite or infinite) of sentences finite in length and constructed out of a finite set of elements. He believes that all natural languages in both their spoken and written forms are languages in this sense. This is because each natural language has a finite number of phonemes and each sentence is represented as a finite sequence of these phonemes. From the perspective of linguistics, however, Chomsky (1975) insists on studying language with respect to the separation of the grammatical sequences which are the sentences of the language from the ungrammatical sequences which are not sentences of the language.
Baron (1981) has noted that the critical difference between spoken and written linguistic representation and the difference from which a number of definite characteristics can be derived is the proximity between the sender and receiver. Speech is face-to-face co...