LotsOfEssays.com

One of the recent public relations scenarios in the news regarding a hospital was the accidental overdose of the blood-thinning drug heparin administered to Dennis Quaid's twin infants. The heparin administered was 1,000 times the prescribed dose-10,000 units instead of the prescribed 10 units--and the incident mirrored a similar error that resulted in the deaths of three premature babies a year earlier at an Indianapolis hospital ("Quaid Sues Drug Maker," 2007, p. 1). The incident occurred at Cedars-Sinai Hospital in Los Angeles, and Quaid and his wife sued the drug maker for using packaging that is very similar for the two different strengths of heparin (Waichman, 2007). The hospital's response was most likely the reason that it escaped a lawsuit. It apologized immediately to the families of the patients involved in the error and stated that tests showed no adverse effects on the babies resulting from the error (Waichman, 2007). The hospital also issued a statemen

1069

Introduction and Purpose In the third chapter of Materiality and Society, Tim Dant states that "what is of significance for sociology is that the increasing tempo of technological change has changed the pace of material civilization and this has led critics to argue that technology has changed humankind's relationship with nature and the relationship between individual and society."[i] Dant's position is that the critics of technology, despite having given salient pointers "to the cultural dynamics of technology... have avoided dealing with the practical and detailed ways that materiality is being altered in technological societies."[ii] Technology as well as ethos and aesthetics have provided a basis for identifying meaning within architecture, as will be demonstrated herein. The three "philosophies" of architecture and meaning that are relevant will be addressed, including postmodernism, semiotics, and deconstruction. It will be argued that of these theories of meanin

3615

Buddhism is very different from Christianity. One teaches that all humans can achieve enlighten, the other that no one can reach heaven without Christ's sacrifice. The first teaches that humans are the highest form of being, while the other says that there is one God that created everything. Yet as different as they are in worldview, Buddhists and Christians practice many of the same behaviors in an attempt to be happy in this life and the next. Both believe they can emulate and teach each other, which bodes well for future religious tolerance and harmony. Buddhism differs from most other religions, and especially Christianity, in the fact that it does not worship anyone in particular. The original guide, and thus "founder" of Buddhism, was Siddhãrtha Gautama (Robinson). It is unclear when he lived, but historians put it somewhere between the ninth and fifth centuries BCE. Buddha, which means enlightened one, is the title bestowed on him because he reached enlightenment. His f

2167

According to an essay published on the University of Rhode Island website, there are four primary mechanisms that the Federal Reserve Bank uses to impact the supply of money in the United States. The first involves raising or lowering required reserve rates. The Federal Reserve Bank establishes rates which prescribe the amount of cash reserves that a bank must have on hand at any given time. The less cash that a bank has in these required reserves, the less likely it is to make loans. The more free cash the bank has on hand, the more likely it is to make loans. Loans tend to increase the supply of money in the economy. Therefore, by lowering the reserve rate the Federal Reserve is able to add to the supply of money in the economy. Another tool the Federal Res

526

Religious practitioners and political demonstrators the world over have used the concept of nonviolence to cultivate inner peace and protest injustice. The most popular advocates of nonviolence are men like Gandhi, the Dalai Lama, and Martin Luther King, Jr. These people staunchly argue for more serious consideration of the practical benefits of nonviolence. While most would agree with these luminaries that the use of violence is in general unacceptable, many people make exceptions for a variety of reasons. This paper will argue that no use of violence is ever justified. First, the extenuating circumstances under which most people justify the use of violence will be examined and refuted. Then the paper will discuss the philosophical sophistry of the doctrine of violence. To begin a discussion of nonviolence, it is necessary to highlight the situations in which violence is often excused. One of the circumstances in which people most readily believe that the doctrine of nonviolence

1639

Phillip Curtin's The Rise and Fall of the Plantation Complex contextualizes the plantation by seeing it not just as a mode of life but as an institution, a complex that originated in one place and then migrated to various other places, picking up adaptations as it went. As such, Curtin's book is tremendously enlightening, going far beyond most other works on the subject in terms of its perspective, which couples the high-level view of the broad historian that explains paradigm shifts with the detailed view of the specialist that adds rich detail and deeper understanding. Curtin does a masterful job of describing the beginnings of the plantation complex and the forces that operated to move it from place to place. From his explanation of how sugar production was carried out to the cultural milieu in which it occurred, Curtin's book depicts plantation and life and the plantation system as the product of multiple forces and opportunities. It is his insights on the myriad factors

1518

I am a female, age 55, who has been diagnosed with high blood pressure. The purpose of this paper is to develop a realistic nutrition and exercise plan that can be initiated within the next three days and continued throughout my life as part of the effort to assist me in returning my blood pressure to normal. It should be understood here that this does not mean that medication will not be taken, but it does mean that this plan can substantially lower the existing level of blood pressure along with the medication. Further, several potential health risks can occur without adherence to a planned program, a fact that makes developing the plan so important. The American Heart Association Council on High Blood Pressure (2003) evaluates these health risks as kidney disease, vision problems, stroke, and the development of coronary heart disease. Identification of the Targeted Problem The problem is Stage 2 Hypertension which the American Heart Association Council on High Blood Pressur

1442

The history classes offered in the schools I attended as a child never understood what it meant to engage students. History class each year was the typical "dates and dead people" affair, with memorization forming the highlight of everyone's studies. Did anyone retain any of that material for long? No. None of us made a personal connection with what we were being taught. We really did not care what date any war was fought or which event occurred first; history was so remote from the context of our lives that we viewed it as extraneous, uninteresting, and largely useless. As James Loewen and Mary Louise Pratt indicate, however, history classes do not need to be this way. Both authors understand that history is not dates and dead people, too remote from us today to be of any interest; instead, it is an extension of who we are today. We can reach back in thought from today to someone like us two centuries ago or more and make a connection that renders history re

999

Introduction Chopsticks illustrate an ancient history that dates 5,000 years ago in China. One historian argues that their use developed because ancient Chinese cooked food in large pots and "hasty eaters broke twigs off trees to retrieve the food" (History 1). The pots were large and held heat for long periods of time, so two sticks would permit eaters to get close enough to the pot and retrieve food without burning themselves. Fuel shortages altered food preparation methods around 400 B.C., when the Chinese began cutting food into small pieces for more rapid cooking (History 1). Since the food pieces were small, knives became unnecessary, and chopsticks became "staple utensils" in Chinese society (History 1). Wood (1) maintains some influence for the widespread adoption of chopsticks in Chinese society may be due to Confucius who maintained that since knives were "weapons of death, only a barbarian would bring one to the table to eat." The spread of Buddhism a

3213

The Federal Reserve Bank of the United States can use at least two mechanisms to impact the supply of money. According to an essay published online on the How Stuff Works.com website, the most effective tool that the Federal Reserve Bank uses to control the supply of money involves the buying and selling of government securities in its open market operations. The Federal Reserve Bank buys securities when it wants to increase the flow of money into the economy and it sells securities when it wants to reduce inflows of cash and cre

362

Smoking has long been known to be harmful to the health. Efforts to persuade consumers to stop smoking at the macro level via television ads and other means have not been exceptionally effective, primarily because nicotine addiction overrides the individual's desire to stop smoking. Within communities, greater success has been achieved through the outlawing of smoking in public buildings and through community-wide smoking cessation programs. At the micro level, many companies have now adopted a strict no-smoking policy that either forces smokers to leave the building during breaks in order to smoke or prohibits smoking completely during work hours. Some companies have even prohibited employees from smoking during their off hours at home. These micro-level no-smoking policies have been extremely effective at reducing employee smoking at the workplace and have also been identified as the reason for decreased smoking overall. Strict no-smoking policies have not been popular

1897

You that trample on the needy, and bring ruin to the poor of the land, saying... We will make the ephah[1] small and the shekel great, and practice deceit with false balances. Amos 8, verses 4-5 (Bible Tools) Introduction It seem very possible, even likely, that 2008 may be the 21st century's equivalent of 1929. Indeed, it may be even worse, as in 1929 there was little currency risk involved because most currencies, including the then reserve currency, the UK Pound, were convertible into gold. The causes are similar in that they both resulted from irresponsible credit expansion and were triggered by the securities markets. The most obvious difference is that the sector of the securities markets that acted as triggers were stocks in 1929 and credit instruments in 2008. In 1929, the credit vehicle was largely margin extension on common stock. With the greatly increased financial and technical capabilities developed in the half century following 1929, far more creative

1902

Although their names sound similar, the internet, intranets, and extranets are significantly different from one another. They have different technology, divergent standards and purposes, as well as their own advantages and disadvantages. Security is different for each, as well. This paper will explain the differences between the three types of "nets" and provide a basis for comparison. The internet is essentially a network comprised of many networks that is accessed via the world wide web (Toothman). Using client/server technology in which the client is the user's personal computer and the server is the computer housing the information he wants to access, the internet allows the client to contact the server through the "Domain Name System," computers are able to make contact with each other so that they can exchange mail or display web sites (Gralla, Ishida, Reimer & Adams 33). Although we use addresses such as www.google.com to access web sites, computers do

1017

A virtual university is an excellent concept from the perspective of effective supply chain planning and control. Whereas a regular bricks-and-boards university must not only attract willing students, it must bring them in from around the country, house them, feed them, and provide education in the form of classroom and laboratory instruction. All of these processes cost a substantial amount of money and require a large investment in terms of buildings, campus, teachers' salaries and contracts, and many more commitments. A virtual university, on the other hand, only needs to attract the students and find teachers willing to teach in a virtual environment. There are no campus, no classroom buildings, no dorms, no food service, and no travel involved. Moreover, students do not have to travel to and from the university, so they can be enlisted from anywhere in the world. A virtual university operates asynchronously, so the students and the teacher do not even have to be in the same time zone; the students "attend class" at their own convenience when the teacher is offline. The virtual university, then, greatly streamlines the supply chain and its co

786

Introduction Nursing philosophy pivots on the individual, the health care environment, health and illness, and nursing. According to Salsberry, (1994, p. 11), "A philosophy of nursing is a guide or framework for the discipline." Gortner (1990) further states, "Nursing philosophy represents the belief system of the profession" (Salsberry, 1994, p. 11). A nurse's philosophy of nursing is what guides her when she is making decisions about the care of her patients, and it incorporates her ethics, her reasons for being a nurse, what she hopes to accomplish in her nursing, and how she believes she can best accomplish her objectives. A U.K. nursing student reflects that when she decided to become a nurse, she was "attracted to a job that involved talking to people, making them more comfortable and helping them get better" (McCormack, 2007). Similarly, every nurse needs to know why she has chosen nursing as a profession and what her beliefs are with respect to health care in

1256

Introduction Mustafa Kemal Ataturk was a man who transformed his nation. As a commander, Nationalist leader, and the president of Turkey, Ataturk had the access and the power to make sweeping changes in the Turkish laws and culture, and that is precisely what he did. Ataturk believed that traditional Muslim government had become obsolete and that Turkey needed to adopt new principles from European countries that had already surged ahead of his own.[i] He accomplished "secularization, modernization and purification," and tempered Turkey's Middle Eastern culture with concepts borrowed from Western culture.[ii] By introducing reforms that superseded traditional Turkish garb and politics and reduced the influence of Islam in everyday life, he transformed Turkey and enabled it to gain a more competitive position on the world stage.[iii] Under Ataturk, Turkey changed from a relatively primitive feudal state to a modern empire, and even today the country continues to gro

1006

I. Introduction Oussama Ben Laden rose from obscurity to become one of the world's best-known terrorists and one of the United States' most wanted terrorists.[i] According to the FBI, Ben Laden is wanted for the 1998 U.S. embassy bombings in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, and Nairobi that killed more than 200 people, in addition to his suspected role in other terrorist attacks around the world.[ii] Many believe that he was behind the 9/11 attacks, although there is little to substantiate that assumption. The FBI, in fact, makes no mention of the 9/11 attacks on its Most Wanted poster for ben Laden, asserting that "the FBI has no hard evidence connecting Bin Laden to 9/11."[iii] Moreover, Middle Eastern scholar Professor Shibley Telhani of the University of Maryland suggests that "Bin Laden is a true believer and a funder of Islamic causes, rather than a planner and active participant."[iv] Whether or not Ben Laden was the mastermind behind 9/11 remains to

1004

John W. Blassingame's The Slave Community: Plantation Life in the Antebellum South provides a unique perspective of the cultural and personal development of the African-American slave on plantations during the period prior to the Civil War. His interpretation of the cultural and personal development of the American slave during the antebellum era contrasts with some authors who viewed such life as akin to imprisonment. Instead, Blassingame demonstrates that a certain mutuality in the relationship between plantation master and slave allowed for accommodation and negotiation, since the slave was a necessary economic generating resource for the master. Because the master, despite having total power legally over the slave, viewed the slave as necessary for making money, Blassingame argues that the slave "gained a sense of worth in the quarters, spent most of his time free from white surveillance by whites, controlled important aspects of his life, and did some personally meaning

945

Nearly every day our newspapers are full of ads for large-screen TVs. Some are LCD, some are Plasma, some are rear projection. And, most confusing of all, is which TV type is best for the consumer's dollar? Before buying, it is important to do some research. Price alone may not be the really important factor: "Read reviews written by other consumers. These are the best way to get real information about picture quality and reliability" ("How to Compare" para. 4). In a well-

322

Treadway Commission: Risk Management Compliance Treadway Commission Risk Management Compliance Treadway Commission Committee of Sponsoring Organizations The Treadway Committee was a private initiative that resulted from the passage of the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act in 1977. This act was in turn the result of public and legislative concerns regarding the international actions involving both international bribery and political campaign finance activities in the early and mid 1970's. The committee was formed in 1985 as the National commission of Fraudulent Financial Reporting. It is commonly referred to as the Treadway Committee after its chairman, former Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) chairman James C. Treadway. (International Financial Risk Institute, no date) The committee was formed in 1985 to sponsor the National Commission of Fraudulent Financial Reporting Practices and issued its first report in 1987. Based on this report, the Committee of Sponso

944

According to Hugh Jameson (40), "one of the most significant military developments in the last 10 to 15 years has been that of the unmanned aerial vehicle, which has evolved from the simple drone with limited capability to today's sophisticated aircraft, which, for some roles, particularly Intelligence, Surveillance, and Reconnaissance (ISR) is now the platform of choice." These drones or UAVs are seen by Ana Mulrine (30) as increasingly useful in challenging theaters of operation such as Afghanistan, where the terrain is such that gathering intelligence requires visual oversight of often expansive areas that are difficult for humans to penetrate. UAVs help to search broad areas and provide what is known as armed overwatch for soldiers in battle. Their capabilities are directly related to enhance use of various forms of information technology (IT). Jameson (40-41) stated that contemporary UAVs are equipped with complex telecommunications systems such as satellite communication

825

Nathaniel Hawthorne and Edgar Allen Poe were both writers of the American Gothic genre whose writings were characterized by the typical Gothic devices of horror and mystery. In Poe's "The Fall of the House of Usher" and Hawthorne's "The Minister's Black Veil" these devices are used abundantly. Interestingly, the motif of the veil figures in both of them, although to a much lesser extent in the Poe story. Hawthorne and Poe, although similar in their ability to create an atmosphere of suspense and horror as well as their preoccupation with death and gloom, differ considerably in other aspects of their work, most notably in their views of morality and the message behind their stories. In "The Fall of the House of Usher," Poe uses images of death and decay to create an image of impending death and the dissolution that comes from age. He links the House of Usher with the tarn-a lake created by a glacier, thus signifying a centuries-long process that gradually reduces

1299

My intended major is business management. I believe that entrepreneurs hold the keys to their own destinies. My father owns his own business, and I admire how it gives him the freedom to take risks and share in the fruits of his labor. Only business owners have this option. What has surprised me most about American business, however, is just how hard one has to work to earn the right to take those risks. I grew up in Hong Kong as the child of a small business owner. My parents sent me to a boarding school in Great Britain. Afterward I did not want to stay in Hong Kong. Rather I wanted to go to America, or at least the America I saw on TV. There every student has a car, every person has a job, and they work from 9-5 fulfilling their duties and get to enjoy themselves the rest of the time. It never occurred to me, as a I grew up, that there was any question of my success.

599

"History is written by the winners" is an old adage that refers to the fact that the story of the "losers" in conflicts between civilizations, nations, or cultures is seldom told, at least on the same level of depth as the story of the winners. The case is no different when we look at the Conquest of Mexico, largely credited in Western (i.e. European) accounts of the conquest to Hernan Cortes de Monroy y Pizarro, better known as the Spanish conquistador Hernan or Hernando Cortes. Hernan Cortes appears to have been marginal at best as a young man and student. After a sickly childhood and flunking out of the University of Salamanca, Cortes seems to have discovered a formerly hidden talent in soldiering.[1] The son of upper-class but down on their fortunes parents, Cortes may have been influenced for a life of adventure as a soldier by accounts of the New World that promised great adventures as well as great wealth. In his late teens, Cortes was to have served under e

7695

The role of ISs in today's business is vital, so I agree with FYC's placing great importance on them. A company web site is essential for virtually any company, as today's consumer expects any legitimate company to have a web site and also expects to be able to order products and interact with the company online. Moreover, consumers' expectations with regard to company ISs are rising, as a recent survey of 5,000 consumers from AT&T's Sterling Commerce shows that multi-channel shopping is also expected, with 65% wanting to be able to complete, cancel, or modify an order via either a store, the web site, or a call center regardless of which channel they used to place the order ("Guide to E-Commerce Technology," 2008). If anything, FYC needs to upgrade its Internet presence to a site

535