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Among the many purposes served by museums of all types are such functions as the presentation of both cultural and artistic artifacts and the preservation of the history of different groups within a society. In this essay, the representation of African-Americans and Native Americans by public history venues, particularly museums, will be analyzed. The argument to be advanced is that while Native American art and artifacts have long been viewed as a source of material for museum presentation, less attention has been given as a whole to the history of African-Americans. Complicating the issue is the fact that many Native American tribal groups have aggressively begun to reclaim thousands of objects that were once held in the museum collections across the country (Redman 1). This reclamation undertaken under the aegis of the Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act (NAGPRA) calls for facilitating over 600,000 funerary objects and 31,000 sets of ancestral remains to retu

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The nature of the problem: Although Toyota has attempted over the years to establish itself in the European auto market, it has since struggled to dominate the local competition, such as Volkswagen. Toyota has not been able to match the number of dealerships and units sold with European manufacturers. The brand does not perform as well in the European market as in Asia and North America. The major issues: As Toyota is a foreign company, it is natural that Europeans may feel somewhat alienated from Toyota products. Some perceive the company as cold and impersonal. It bears no personal touch that appeals to the local culture and nationality of

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The Yalta conference involved a meeting between U.S. President Franklin Roosevelt, British Prime Minister Winston Churchill, and Soviet Premier Joseph Stalin from February 4 to February 11, 1945 to discuss how World War II would be wrapped up. The three superpowers wanted to bring World War II to an end, and in their eagerness to do so, their agreement compromised three of the Baltic states. The Declaratio

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Torture and Detention: Guantanamo Bay Prisoners and the Third Geneva Convention The Geneva Convention and Prisoners of War The Geneva Convention, also known as the Convention III Relative to the Treatment of Prisoners of War, was modified by representatives of a number of governments on August 12, 1949 (International Committee for the Red Cross, 1, 1). Elements of the Convention identify those individuals constituting the Enemy forces, members of military and supportive units, civilians, and prisoners of war. Prisoners of war are persons belonging to one of several categories who have fallen into the power of the enemy. These categories include: . Members of the armed forces of a party to the conflict including members of militias or volunteer corps forming part of such armed forces. . Members of other militaries and other volunteer corps including those of organized resistance movements who meet several conditions among which conducting operations in

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The Mentally Ill and Homelessness Steven Lopez's (2008) book (and, later, film), titled The Soloist, details the vents leading to the emotional, economic and psychological collapse of a talented young musician who becomes homeless after a diagnosis of schizophrenia. The story emphasizes the reality of life on the streets and its direct link to severe mental illness. The homeless musician, a real-world person named Nathaniel Ayers, lives in Los Angeles' Skid Row and alternates between periods of rationality and mental disarray. Lopez (2008) demonstrates in the text that the untreated disorder -and a disorder that is hard to treat under the best circumstances - is a primary causal antecedent of Ayers' inability to maintain a job or a residence. All too often, people who are homeless are also suffering from untreated or poorly managed mental illnesses. Braithwaite (2006) pointed out that the mental health services delivery system in the United States is extremely fragmented, t

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Introduction In "Visual Pleasure and Narrative Cinema," Laura Mulvey argues Hollywood cinema provides "erotic pleasure" through a "skilled and satisfying manipulation of visual pleasure" (713). In many ways, gender gaze has focused on the male perspective of the female as sexually eroticized and idealized cinematic image, or "women as image, man as bearer of the look" in Mulvey's description (715). This sexual imbalance is sometimes reversed in contemporary cinema. In Claire Denis' film of the all-male world of the French Foreign Legion, Beau Travail, the director's female gaze objectifies underwear-clad attractive males going through training and drills that seem transformed into an erotic dance. These rites of ecstasy in this authoritarian, all-male world show a masculine image from the awing gaze of the director. The excesses of maleness apparent in the character of Sergeant Galoup seems to be Denis' way of arguing that in such a male oriented and aggressive environment such behavior is to be expected. Body In Beau Travail we have the director's feminine gaze trained on the male memb

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Preface Outsourcing is becoming increasingly prevalent in industries from pharmaceuticals to mechanical manufacturing to information technology (IT). There are three basic elements of most businesses that can be outsourced: 1. Development in CROs (Contract Research Organizations) 2. Manufacturing in CMOs (Contract Manufacturing Organizations) 3. Distribution in Co-marketing & CSOs (Contract Sales Organizations) (Srivastava, 2009) What is being dealt with here is vendor partnering or a contract sales organization that replaces all or a significant part of the marketing arm of the subject company. The objective of outsourcing is to permit the company to focus its efforts in the disciplines where it has the greatest expertise. A company that chooses to employ vendor partneri

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Introduction All human civilizations leave behind an account of their culture, whether it is through pre-historic cave paintings or contemporary Hollywood cinema. In Mesopotamian culture the same is true. In the anonymously penned The Epic of Gilgamesh, written in approximately 2750 BCE, the author provides an account of the heroic, if recognizably human, Gilgamesh. Gilgamesh achieves great deeds, is of superior wit and intelligence, and he survives an arduous journey that shows his superior courage and strength. Nevertheless, Gilgamesh is also portrayed as having human flaws, particularly his need of moderation. In this heroic but human portrayal of Gilgamesh we are offered an optimistic viewpoint of human existence by the Mesopotamian author, one that shows the need for specific values and qualities deemed worthy by Mesopotamian culture. In this manner, The Epic of Gilgamesh offers an optimistic outlook on life in its mirroring of the qualities and values Meso

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The issue of drunk driving will be with us for as long as automobiles have human operators. When a driver gets into a car and proceeds to drive on a public road, the issue of his or her agency suddenly jumps from a private realm to a public realm. Driving is a massive collective-action game in which players rely on their senses as well as social norms to guide them to their destination. Philosophically, driving is often experienced as a "liminal" state of being in which time spent in transit is experienced as ambiguous, open, and indeterminate; neither "here nor there." As such, people see driving as an "in-between" process that is not an end in itself. Seeing driving as liminal makes it susceptible to people believing that they can carry-on their behaviors and engagements from the beginning destination to their final destination. For many people, the movement from Christmas party to After party is simply seen as the next leg of the party. For this reason, laws exist governing

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In the popular rock band Wilco's song, "The Late Greats," lead singer Jeff Tweedy sings, "The best band will never get signed ... The best song will never be sung, the best laugh will never leave your lungs." While the lyrics may be dour, the tune recognizes a truth in any pursuit of fame and fortune. Those most talented in their fields sometimes do not make it to the top for various reasons. This is also true in a vocation where competition is stringent and stress can be overwhelming: sports. The reasons for this unfortunate truth are threefold: psychological pressures, bad luck and poor individual decision-making. In all sports--from hockey to baseball--talented players do not make it to the professional leagues because of psychological pressures. Success is usually the goal in any endeavor; but in attempting to play professional sports, where competition is rife, one must relentlessly pursue success in order to have a job. Such a persistent drive to be successful makes failure

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As a teacher in a relatively poor school district, I have not yet had the opportunity to integrate educational software into my classroom. This is due to a lack of access to the necessary resources including computers and software. However, I have been informed that in the next school year a computer resource center will be placed in my classroom. This will make it possible for a limited number of students at any given time to take advantage of this learning tool. The PCs to be installed will have advanced graphics and sound capabilities, both of which are commonly used in educational programs. At this point, it i

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1.0 Franchisor business model choices A franchisor has two or possibly three potential ongoing income streams, sales and profits from company owned stores, royalties from franchisees, and the sale of "required" products or materials to franchisees with possible substantial profit margins for the franchisor. McDonald's, the franchising "gold stand" focuses on the royalty income stream that depends on individual store sales, but does insist that franchisees purchase products and supplies either from the company or approved sources. The goal conflict is introduced by the attraction of saturating markets with incremental outlets which generate fees, royalty income and other sources but cannibalize each others potential market. This reduces the profitability of the market as a whole while it may increase franchisor revenues. McDonald jealously guards not only its own profitability but also that of its franchisees. 2.0 What are "satellite stores", and how do you think they affected (1) the company's brand name; and (2) the relationship between Krispy Kreme and their franchisees? Satellite stores

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William Shakespeare's Hamlet is a tragedy of epic proportions. It is a play in which all of the central characters die violently, in which an entire kingdom (i.e., Denmark) loses its royal family and must be submitted to foreign rule, and in which "murder most foul" is the catalyst for a long series of events that end with a duel in which the title character is killed. Jones (19-20) states that this play is a psychological drama in that it not only focuses on tragic events, but also on the unraveling of the personality and psyche of Hamlet as he is brought closer and closer to true madness even as he pretends to be mad. The play is about revenge for "murder most foul" and pits various characters against one another. The play's dramatic structure is complex. It begins with the revelation that a Ghost has appeared on the battlements of the Elsinore Castle. It moves to Hamlet's encounter with this Ghost of his murdered father, his resolution to gain revenge against his uncle, Claudius, Hamlet's rejection of Ophelia and his growing madness, his murder of Polonius, the play-within-the-play, Hamlet's brie

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Introduction According to Kowch (2009: 41-48), a cyber school (typically referred to as a cyber charter school) can be defined as an educational institution that teaches courses mostly or entirely online. Cyber schools serve students in elementary and/or secondary school. This paper presents the findings of a literature review conducted to determine the advantages and disadvantages of cyber schools. Prior to conducting the research, this writer knew only that cyber schools were of interest to many students and it was believed that they were fairly effective but probably not as effective as regular schools. The purpose for conducting the research is to learn both the advantages and the disadvantages of these schools. Only in this way can it truly be know as to how effective or ineffective cyber schools truly are. Advantages and Disadvantages There are several advantages associated with cyber schools/cyber charter schools. First, such schools are attractive to an increasi

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For Aryan German youth in Nazi Germany, the Nazi party had a youth movement that "emphasized activism, physical training, NAZI ideology, especially nationalism and racial concepts, and absolute obedience to Hitler and the NAZI Party" ("Hitler Youth," 1998). Since Hitler wanted to capture the hearts of Germany's youth and indoctrinate them in his ideals, he forced all boys to report to

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Exile as a method of punishment in Russia began in Tsarist times during the 18th century with Tsar Peter I, who exiled people to hard labor for the construction of fortresses and ports ("Exile," n.d.). In fact, the port of Oziv and the city of Saint Petersburg were "said to have been built on 'Cossack bones'" ("Exile," n.d.). After Siberia was conquered, many of the exiles were sent there, but Caucasia and north

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Nationalism is responsible for the outbreak of World War II. When Italy's Benito Mussolini and the Fascist Party rose to power in 1922, it was "driven by a sense of belligerent nationalism that encouraged conflict as a means of social improvement" (Hickman, 2009). This rampant nationalism was hostile to other countries and other ideologies, as well as being very militaristic, and when Mu

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According to a document published online by the U.S. Central Intelligence Agency, After World War II, Czechoslovakia fell within the Soviet sphere of influence. In 1968, an invasion by Warsaw Pact troops ended the efforts of the country's leaders to liberalize Communist party rule. Anti-Soviet demonstrations the following year ushered in a period of harsh repression. With the collapse of Soviet authority in 1989, Czechoslovakia regained its freedom through a peaceful revolution. On January 1, 1993, the country split into the Czech Republic and Slovakia. The Czech Republic joined NATO in 1999 and the European Union in 2004. According to the C.I.A., the Czech Republic is one of the most stable and prosperous of the post-Communist states. It has accelerated the clean up of the effects of decad

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On October 13-15, 2009, participants and musicians will converge from around the world on the sun-washed banks of Lake Malawi, the third largest lake in Africa and the very one that David Livingstone described in 1859 as Lake Nyasa and now called by the magical name "Lake of Stars." The event-the annual Lake of Stars festival-will take place day and night under the sun and stars as performers sing and play the exotic local music, some in their native language and some in English. As the earth reverberates to the sounds of Reggae, Afropop, and African folk music, the best international DJs will make the event one to remember, and visitors from other nations around the globe will know what it feels like to "feel the beat" and experience another culture firsthand. For the three days of the festival, guests will be regaled with native music performed on a timber and bamboo main stage at the Sunbird Nkopola Lodge, located at the southern end of Lake Malawi. The lake's beach is a tropical paradise, boasting palm trees, clumps of bamboo, and the protection of mango trees. The co

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The effect of group influence on the self can be profound, often resulting in conformity and obedience to the group, even when such behavior is against the individual's personal desires or ethics. This paper will examine the effect of group influence on the self and will compare and contrast the concepts of conformity and obedience. Choi, Price, and Vinokur (2003, p. 358) identify two ways that group influence can affect an individual's efficacy beliefs. The first is via the individual's personal experiences as a part of the group, and the second is what the authors call "a cross-level process" in which the characteristics of the group exert an influence (Choi, Price, & Vinokur, 2003, p. 358). The authors cite Hackman's (1992, as cited in Choi, Price, & Vinokur, 2003, p. 358) observation that members of a group are both exposed to and infl

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The most important components of the NTeQ model when integrating educational software in the classroom are specifying objectives, computer functions, specifying a problem, and activities before and during computer use ("NTeQ Lesson Components," n.d.). Specifying objectives is critical for NTeQ, because without this component, the teacher will not know which softw

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Excessive minority representation in special education has been a problem since the 1960s. According to Dunn (1968, as cited in Zhang and Katsiyannis, 2002, p. 180), identifying and placing "socioculturally deprived" minority children in special education "was of concern because of the placement of these children into segregated settings, the questionable benefits of these placements, and the detrimental effects of labeling." In part, this excessive minority representation in special education is due to the fact that African American students come from families with lower incomes; these families cannot afford preventive health care, and thus when the children have vision problems, these are untreated and are misdiagnosed as reading problems (Noguera, 2003, p. 436). Of particular concern is the fact that African American students are too often identified as mildly mentally retarded (MMR) or seriously emotionally disturbed (SED); the results of one study indicated t

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Introduction In John Lewis Gaddis' The Landscape of History: How Historians Map the Past, the author uses the metaphor of mapping a landscape to illustrate how historians try to map the past. For example, if a historian measures the distance between two continents in miles, he or she will arrive at one figure. If her or she measures the distance in micro-millimeters, it is likely all the nooks and cubbyholes will be discovered and the figure will be much higher. Both provide "maps" of the distance, but each provides a different level of depth in the portrait of the space. Portrait is an apt word, since Gaddis maintains historians are like artists or scientists in their attempt to recreate the past in order to provide broader understanding in the present. Sociological approaches to history are too rigid, dependent on variables and oversimplify the past. Scientific approaches are more akin to the historian's methods, especially a degree of uncertainty and unpredic

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Colonialism has much less to commend it than to condemn it. Not only has British colonialism reinforced the caste system in India and allowed the British to commandeer the natural resources of India as its own, in some ways, Britain left India much worse off than it was before. Britain's neglect of irrigation tanks and canals, for example, led to famines. Mike Davis, in Late Victorian Holocausts, "points out that there were 31...serious famines in

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Analysis of Steve Lopez Steve Lopez, the author and narrator of The Soloist: A Lost Dream, An Unlikely Friendship, and the Redemptive Power of Music, acknowledges that while he is fascinated by the homeless musician named Nathaniel Anthony Ayers, "weeks go by and I get distracted by other things, shoveling whatever I can find onto that empty space on the page" (2). What this reveals is that for Lopez, as fascinating and interesting as a homeless but talented musician might be, the most important part of life centers on Lopez himself and his career. Throughout the text, the reader comes to understand that Steve Lopez (32-33) is a man who believes in himself not only as a writer, but also as a person who is able to fix things for others. He is the kind of person who seeks ideas for his columns everywhere he goes and who uses his columns not only to advance his own career, but also to do good for others. It does not matter that Lopez (40-43) is quite honest about his own doubt

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