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Despite advances in technology and security in the past 50 years, the world has become less secure than before. The advent of global terrorism and the spread and increase in weapons of mass destruction have affected our security, and ongoing revolts undermine the stability of various world governments (Kabba 2002). Added to these issues are environmental changes that have produced a record number of adverse events such as tsunamis, hurricanes, and earthquakes that have devastated

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Introduction The discussions that are presented in this paper focus on two central issues. The first issue characterizes Israeli intelligence operation in Lebanon prior to the outbreak of hostilities between Israel and Hezbollah in Lebanon, as well as Israeli intelligence operations during the course of the conflict. The second issue is the assessment of the lessons learned in relation to intelligence operations as a result of the war between Israel and Hezbollah in Lebanon. Characterizing Israeli Intelligence Operations in Lebanon Prior to the 2006 War and During the Course of the War The spark that ignited hostilities between Israel and Hezbollah in the summer of 2006 was the capture by Hezbollah of two Israeli Defense Force (IDF) soldiers along the Israel-Lebanon border and the killing of three IDF soldiers. The attack by Hezbollah was a cross-border operation. The deaths and the captures occurred in Southern Israel. Israel retaliated immediately. H

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Juneteenth is a world wide celebration of the end of slavery in the United States following the Union's victory over the Confederacy. The celebration of Juneteenth takes place largely within African-American communities, although awareness of the celebration is growing throughout the United States and around the world. Juneteenth is celebrated in certain cultures and subcultures for either a day, a week, or a whole month.[1] Historically, Juneteenth celebrations take place on June 19th, because June 19t, 1865 was the day when word reached the last slaves in Texas that the Union had won the war and they were free. Today, Juneteenth celebrations are undergoing revitalization and contemporary transformations as organizations reawaken parents and grandparents to their memories of their childhood Juneteenth celebrations. Despite the expanded awareness of Juneteenth in recent decades, much work must be done in the name of African American civil rights in the United States. Not o

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Introduction Understanding the self has been a challenging pursuit throughout the history of mankind. The self has been variously defined in terms of the id, the ego, the mind, the spirit, and a number of other factors, and great thinkers in psychology and philosophy have written volumes on the subject, yet developing a real and workable understanding of the human psyche has always seemed just beyond reach. Eckhart Tolle's compelling book A New Earth: Awakening to Your Life's Purpose examines the function of the ego in human personality, and in the process it takes up the issue of what Tolle (140) refers to as "the pain-body," defined as "an accumulation of old emotional pain." What makes Tolle's analysis remarkable is the infusion of insight and his practical, easy-to-implement suggestions for how to escape from the burden of the pain-body and egoic thinking. This paper will discuss Tolle's concept of the ego, his idea of the pain-body, and the issue of whether ego c

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1. For health care organizations in the 21st century, the best approach for strategizing is working on internal capabilities and performance rather than expanding market share through acquisition and merger or repositioning products and services. Although all three of these strategies could conceivably be used in conjunction with one another, if only one could be chosen, it would have to be working on internal capabilities and performance. This is because health care organizations today must function effectively in a turbulent, globalized environment where change occurs rapidly and often unexpectedly. The organization's strategy must be future-oriented and able to shift quickly as the environment changes. This means that mergers and acquisitions-which can take months or years to complete-are far too slow a solution, and repositioning products and services is a marketing approach, not a proper response for providing improved health care. Moreover, working on internal capabilities

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Introduction From ethical and moral dilemmas involving sexuality (abortion, impotence, etc.) to concepts of God or the absence of one; the works of Ernest Hemingway reveal a biblical influence in his writing style. From titles that are biblical illusions to characters that struggle with the lack of a godhead in existence, biblical influence is evident in Hemingway's writing style in both his personal and professional works. In The Apprenticeship of Ernest Hemingway, Chester A. Fenton (2009) provides a quote from Hemingway in which the author claims he learned how to write from reading the "Bible," the biggest influence on his writing style. In works like Green Hills of Africa and The Sun Also Rises, this biblical influence is clear in Hemingway's writing style, but it is also illustrated in the writing style in his personal correspondence in letters to his devout Christian mother as well as to others. Despite this influence, many of Hemingway's characters do not

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Nursing Metaparadigms 1. All four of the metaparadigms related to nursing-person, health, environment, and nursing-are vital and significant to nursing practice, but the one that is most pivotal to the concept of nursing is health. Health is of special concern because through the many years since nursing began, the quest for and preservation of health as an integral part of nursing has largely become obscured and set aside. Instead, today's healthcare systems have focused on illness, medication, and intervention. These are all acknowledged to be essential for modern medicine, but not to the exclusion of health, which should be paramount in the conceptualization and practice of nursing. The omission of health from modern nursing theory and practice is due to a fragmentation of the idea of the person in which the person is seen as a patient rather than as a person that is comprised of multiple dimensions beyond the symptoms that he or she exhibits. Health "cannot

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In Shakespeare's Macbeth, there is an unanswered question that that reader or observer of the play must figure out the answer to: Was Macbeth's downfall the result of irresistible fate or of his own actions? Certainly there are elements of fate in the play. The three witches, for example, make accurate predictions about his future titles, hailing him as "thane of Glamis," "thane of Cawdor," and then "King hereafter" (Shakespeare, Act I, Scene III, 48-51). Moreover, the three witches conjure up three apparitions that also make accurate predictions concerning him. The first apparition, an armed head, warns, "beware Macduff;" the second, a bloody child, warns, "none of woman born shall harm Macbeth;" and the third, a child crowned with a tree in

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Introduction The Test of English as a Foreign Language (TOEFL) test is primarily used by universities in the U.S. to test for English language proficiency of foreign students seeking regular admissions. The TOEFL is also used as a placement test for pre-admission English programs designed to help foreign students improve their English before attending regular university courses. While the IELTS is the preeminent English Language Proficiency test used by British universities, the TOEFL is the main test used by American universities. The focus of this paper is on the use of the TOEFL test and whether or not such use is appropriate. Thus the following presents a discussion of the use of the TOEFL test. Opinions to include A's position against this testing and B's position for this testing with arguments for and against the use of this test are included. While there are pros and cons associated with the use of this test, it is argued that the advantages outweigh the disadva

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High-performance workplaces and organizations, unlike the "Tayloristic" ones of the past in which workers specialized in certain tasks, responsibilities were centralized, and the organizational structure was a pyramidal hierarchy, are structured to promote employee empowerment (Bauer, 2004, p. 1). The new high-performance workplaces feature flat hierarchies, and employees are no longer chained to a particular task but moved about in job rotation cycles (Bauer, 2004, p. 1). Moreover, teams are responsible for themselves instead of directed from above, and employees are multi-taskers instead of single-focus taskers (Bauer, 2004, p. 1). Moreover, decision-making in these organizations is not confined to a few executives at the top but involves lower-level employees as well, and the old vertical communication channels have given way to horizontal channels denoting collaboration and networking (Bauer, 2004, p. 1). High-performance workplaces are "holistic," in contrast to the fra

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The four nursing metaparadigms of person, environment, health, and nursing are widely regarded as encompassing the four most relevant aspects of nursing. A case can be made for caring as a nursing metaparadigm, however, as it embodies one of the most important characteristics of effective nursing. Caring is regarded as "the essence of nursing...that...enhances patients' health and well-being and facilitates health promotion" (Khademian & Vizeshfar, 2008, p. 456). Caring is experienced by the patient as concern, nurturing, and a sense that the nurse recognizes and remembers things about the patient (Radwin & Fawcett, 2002, p. 359). As such, caring is a legitimate and often overlooked component of nursing care. One manifestation of caring is that the patient feels comforted by nursing. Malinowski and Stamler (2002, p. 599) contend that "Comfort remains a substantive need throughout life and, as such, should be considered an indispensable constituent of holistic n

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This research examines the psycho-dynamic theories of Sigmund Freud and Melanie Klein, with a view toward identifying strengths and weaknesses of those theories and their implications for clinical psychotherapy practice. The plan of the research will be to set forth the historical and intellectual context in which each theorist operated and then to show how the patterns of their ideas affected and continue to affect the development of clinical practice. If, as Whitehead says (1978), the whole of Western philosophy can be described as a series of footnotes to Plato, it seems not inappropriate to suggest that a good deal of post-Freudian psychoanalytic theory and practice can be described as footnotes to Freud. For Freud's work very much defined the initial shape of clinical counseling practice, and, despite readily identifiable opposition to Freud's views, it continues to be influential in psychological discourse. To see why that is the case, it is important to recognize

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A recent article on the NewYorkConstruction.com web site describes a new $2.2 million construction project approved by the New York City Capital Resource Corporation to develop a cultural and arts center in the center of Harlem ("NYCCRC Approves $2.2 Million for Harlem Arts and Cultural Center"). The project site is the Kalahari Condominium, where an 18,000-sq-ft MIST will include several important components; an African/Latino fusion restaurant will be a primary attraction, and there will be a conference area and performance space, as well as three screening rooms and studios where students can be trained in digital media post production for the film industry ("NYCCRC Approves $2.2 Million for Harlem Arts and

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A number of current and former military officers including Britain's Major General Jonathan Bailey (68) have pointed out that for over a decade "there has been a pervasive suspicion that the days of field artillery may somehow be numbered and that the decline of that arm is mandated by prevailing trends in technology." Conversely, while this view may be common among some observers, military experts such as Command Sergeant Major Daniel Willey (6) believe that field artillery is a fixed element in the U.S. military structure and that "the fact we can understand the significant effects of the right combination of lethal and nonlethal fires and apply them accordingly assures me that field artillery will remain the premier, worldwide deployable fire support force for now and in the future." Willey (7) and Bailey (67) takes the position that the projected demise of field artillery is both overstated and unlikely because new technologies that were expected to replace field artillery have not done so and the modern field artillery unit is itself benefitting from many of these technologies. The U.S. Army Field Artillery Training Command (1) notes that the current mission

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Introduction Communication is all about sending a message and receiving a response. An integral part of this transmission often involves technology to send messages, whether print, TV, radio or computer technologies. Just as significant to the effectiveness of such messages; however, is the ability of message creators to appeal to the human factors related to virtual environments. As Stanney, Mourant and Kennedy (1998) argue, "If virtual systems are to be effective and well received by users, considerable human factors need addressed" (p. 327). This analysis will discuss a number of human factors related to virtual environments that are significant for effective communication. Body Success communicating in the virtual environment requires addressing a number of human factors that pertain to such spaces. There is any number of human factor considerations in virtual environments. Some of these considerations include which tasks as most suitable for users to perform in virtual environments; which user characteristics

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Abstract. This paper analyzes the problem in the Smith Financial Corporation case, proposes and evaluates alternatives to remedy it, selects one alternative, and explains how the solution will be reevaluated at a future checkpoint. It identifies emotional intelligence as a key factor in the failure of the current solution and as a necessity in the new solution. Step 1: Recap and Analysis of Facts This case discusses Frank Miller's brief tenure at Smith Financial Corporation and details the issues that he encountered with respect to alienating colleagues and employees of the firm (Bortlik, 2003, p. 54). Miller's quick move to overturn decisions previously made and his openness in countering prevailing thought and procedures made him some enemies, as did his propensity to treat people that disagreed with him with rudeness. Miller had technological expertise, but no emotional intelligence. Step 2: Root Problem Miller was brought in because of his technical expertise, and that is what he exercised, but because significant changes were need

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Introduction The social atmosphere of the primarily artistic movement known as the Harlem Renaissance exhibited a social atmosphere of rebirth and celebration of newfound self-potential among African Americans. The Harlem Renaissance unfolded against the backdrop of the "Jazz Age" in the 1920s in American culture, a period Arnold Shaw notes was characterized by "an aura of darkness and romance, gaiety and melancholy" (3). Harlem represented a new home for African Americans that would become the showcase for their talent in music, dance, literature, theater, painting and other art forms. Writers like Langston Hughes, W.E.B. Dubois, Nella Larson and others redefined African American liberation as well as newfound potential for black self-development and artistic expression. Billie Holliday defined the blues, while Louis Armstrong and Dizzy Gillespie played trumpet like few others before or after them. Jazz music and its influence pervaded artistic output d

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Introduction The two most important military theorists of the nineteenth century were Carl von Clausewitz and Antoine-Henri Jomini. Both men gained extensive military experience during the Napoleonic and Prussian Wars, but despite both of their significant contributions to military theory and strategy their approaches are often viewed as incompatible by military theorists, teachers, leaders and others. As military theorist Thomas Huber notes, "Jomini's approach to war was in extreme contrast to Clausewitz'" (1). Colonel John Osborne maintains their approaches often "did not coincide," and military historian A.M.J. Hyatt claims "the difference between their theories of war is very great" (1; 177). This analysis will argue that despite different approaches to war, the similarities between the theories of Clausewitz and Jomini are as significant as the differences. Body There are a number of significant distinctions in the military theories and approach

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A funeral has been characterized as a counter-cultural phenomenon and in a culture that denies death or fears it, a funeral functions in a manner that is designed to make death a reality, normalize the grieving process, and introduce possibilities for a new life for survivors (Giblin & Hug, 2006). Funeral rites and rituals are as old as mankind. Anthropologists have identified funerary rites and customs associated with both Neolithic and Paleolithic man. Over time, as civilizations emerged and became more complex, funeral rituals also increased in terms of complexity and significance (Berger, 2004). Such rituals are designed in any number of religious or faith systems to serve two goals. On the one hand, they are meant to mark the passage of the deceased from the present world to some other state of being defined by his or her religious belief system. On the other hand, these same rituals provide survivors with a sense of closure and an opportunity to mourn while accepting the

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Introduction The European Industrial Revolution transformed European society both in positive as well as negative ways. There was almost no activity in daily life that was left unaffected by the Industrial Revolution. Positive benefits like improved methods of transportation conflict like negative outcomes of the Industrial Revolution, like substantial abuse of workers who worked in unsafe conditions for long hours with little pay. This analysis will demonstrate that though the Industrial Revolution left virtually no aspect of life unchanged in its wake, this change involved both positive and negative developments. Body There is little denying that the Industrial Revolution was responsible for many innovations and advances that significantly benefited individuals in a positive manner. Increased income and a higher standard of living definitely resulted from the Industrial Revolution. Arnold Toynbee maintains the impact of advances in the use of machinery in

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C.S. Lewis was one of the most creative Christian writers of his time whose The Screwtape Letters and The Chronicles of Narnia have been popular ever since. Lewis' success was achieved in spite of a difficult childhood marked by the tragedy of his mother's death when he was only nine years old. One of Lewis' biographers terms her death "the catastrophe of his [Lewis'] life" and relates that "The loss was something which he bottled up within himself, unable to appease it through the emotionally stultifying years of boarding-school education in England" (Wilson, 2002, p. xi). Moreover, Lewis subsequently had a companion for 30 years that was "a woman old enough to be his mother," a relationship that was undoubtedly a substitute for the lost relationship with his mother (Wilson, 2002, p. xi). When he finally married, it was to American writer Joy Gresham, a woman whose circumstances exactly paralleled those of his mother; she had two small sons and was dying of cancer (Wilson,

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One of the most pressing concerns in education today is the need for education reform. As Phillip C. Schlechty (2001, p. 2) states in his book Inventing Better Schools, "the performance of America's schools is inadequate to meet the needs of modern society." In fact, Schlechty (2001, p. 2) contends that "Something is fundamentally wrong with America's system of education;" he notes that "Too few children develop the academic skills they need to develop, and too many children leave school without having developed the skills, attitudes, and habits of mind that will equip them for life in the twenty-first century." This paper will examine what the field of education was like prior to the implementation of academic standards and will reflect on the effectiveness of standards as a vehicle for education reform. Before the implementation of academic standards, the field of education was surprisingly effective. It is fairly common knowledge that some of the nations great th

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There are a number of reasons that Mary Wollstonecraft believed women were human beings who deserved the same basic rights as men. In her lengthy essay Vindication of the Rights of Woman, Wollstonecraft (1792) highlights a majority of these reasons. Mary Wollstonecraft argued that women should have the same fundamental rights as men. One of her biggest arguments in support of this is that it is a rational position to take, since women are the primary educators of children. She argues that women are not inferior to men intellectually but only seem so because men have denied them education. This is detrimental to society because women are unable to educate their children well or serve as "companions" to their husbands rather than mere adornment for

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The forces of organizational behavior exert influence in terms of internal and external forces on the organization. As a matter of fact, "No organization can exist in a vacuum; each is set in a particular country and region to which it is inextricably linked. This setting provides multiple contexts that influence how the organization operates and how and what it produces" ("Chapter 3-Key Forces in the External Environment," n.d.). This executive summary will discuss how internal and external forces including fiscal policy, competition, globalization, organizational mission, and economy impact organizational behavior in three organizations-Ashurst Elementary School, Hudson Group, and Asphalt Paving Company. At Ashurst Elementary School where I am a food service worker, fiscal policy comes into play in terms of the amount that children pay for their lunch. If the parents' income is under a certain amount, then the child's lunch is either reduced in price from $2.2

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Introduction The terms "group" and "team" are used interchangeably in the workplace, with companies referring to "group leader" and "team leader" without necessarily considering the difference between the two. However, there are significant differences between groups and teams, and understanding those differences can help companies develop strategies to make their groups and teams more effective. Also, companies are increasingly recognizing that the diversity that is found in many workplaces affects the effectiveness and dynamics of groups and teams. This research considers the differences between groups and teams, and the role that diversity plays in the dynamics of teams. Is it a Group or a team? A group is any collection of people that share a common characteristic. All employees of an organization form a group that is separate from employees of a different organization, for example. Or, all accountants within an organization or even across orga

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