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Staff Development in Education Professional development or staff development are terms that are employed at times interchangeably to refer to the process by means of which individual professionals in a specific field receive the ongoing training and other forms of programming needed to ensure that they remain conversant and current with the trends in their field (Speck & Knipe, 2005). It encompasses many different types of formal and informal learning opportunities and can be both intensive and collaborative, including consultation, mentoring, learning communities, supervision, orientation, and so forth (Public Education Network, 2011). In the field of education, professional development is considered to be a mandatory aspect of practice and an integral element in career programming (Public Education Network, 2011). It is not limited to teachers but includes administrators, adjunct faculty or staff, and in some instances, parents. Different states use different professional o

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Love and Marriage in Literature Introduction From family relations and custom to economic security and personal sacrifice, there are a variety of aspects of love and marriage revealed through literature. Chinua Achebe's "Marriage is a Private Affair," O. Henry's "The Gift of the Magi," and Kate Chopin's "The Kiss" are short stories that reveal quite different aspects of love and marriage. While "The Gift of the Magi" shows selfless love that sacrifices all for the beloved other; "The Kiss" reflects a woman's acceptance that one must marry for economic security more than feelings of the heart, and "Marriage is a Private Affair" shows how complex family relations can become once a new member of the family is added through marriage. Despite these differences, "The Gift of the Magi" and "Marriage is a Private Affair" shows love conquers all; while "The Kiss" shows that love must take a secondary position to more practical concerns in marriage. Body

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Classical conditioning is a learning process that was discovered by Ivan Pavlov in the early twentieth century. Pavlov conducted an experiment in which he made a sound right before giving food to some dogs. The dogs would begin to salivate when they knew they were going to get some food. After doing this a few times, Pavlov noticed that the dogs would salivate as soon as they heard the sound, even if there was no food in front of them (Stangor, 2011, pp. 198-199). Pavlov created a set of terms to explain this phenomenon. T

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In his book White Like Me: Reflections on Race from a Privileged Son, Tim Wise describes the importance of being born white in 1968. After all, prior to 1968, it was legal to discriminate against people of color in housing. From colonization in the 1600s until the 1964 passage of the Civil Rights Act, racial privilege was "codified in law" (Wise 3). Prior to 1964, whites in America pretended, albeit poorly, to be a nation based on equality (Wise 3-4). The conversations surrounding race (and religion and gender and sexual orientation) have changed as a result of economic, political, and societal forces (i.e. the media). And while some may believe that the nation's first black president is a sign of drastically different times, there remains much work to do to achieve true equality for all cultures, religions, and persons of all sexual orientations. Prior to the enactment of the civil rights legislation that exists today, people of color were routinely discriminate on an individual an

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Is there a situation where a smile might not be the best response? A smile can say many things. It is a universal language for hello, goodbye, I've missed you, I'm happy, you're welcome, and much more. A smile is encouraging, motivating, and strengthening. Carnegie brings out "Actions speak louder than words, and a smile says, "I like you, You make me happy. I am glad to see you" (pg. 64). Nonetheless, there are situations where a smile may not be the best action and may, at times, elevate a conflict. A smile, if not genuine, can depict apathy, arrogance, and insincerity. Therefore, it is imperative to

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Sports Spectator Dangers and Safety Introduction The admission of the public to sporting events has a number of benefits for spectators and sports venues. Spectators can enjoy the excitement of seeing the action in person and participating in the group activity of spectating, being with like-minded individuals that are all cheering for the same team. There is a sense of belonging in being part of the crowd, and as Wann, Martin, Grieve, and Gardner (2008) report, there is even a "social psychological well-being" that is positively associated with sport team identification, or "psychological connections with a sport team." Sports venues can make tremendous amounts of money, not only through ticket sales but also through the sales of snacks, beverages, programs, parking fees, and souvenirs. This mutually beneficial arrangement assumes, however, that spectators will behave appropriately and that the venues are safe for fans. This is not always the case. Lefterhof (200

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Nursing research The following describes a research scenario appropriate for a quantitative research paradigm. The scenario is hand washing of nurses. The appropriate research question is: to what degree do nurses wash their hands throughout the day? The role of the researcher would be to research the topic, design the study, gather relevant data from the nurses, analyze data and draw conclusions with recommendations. The target audience would be hospital nurses and administrators and the study participants would be hospital nurses. These nurses would provide valuable information related to hand washing. Possible variations of groupings in this quantitative research scen

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The Shinto Priests of Japan Shinto is the major religion in Japan along with Buddhism. Shinto is translated to mean "the way of the gods," a religious philosophy and practice without a founder and lacking sacred scriptures or texts (Shinto, 2011, p. 1). Because it is profoundly a part of the Japanese people and traditions, Shinto does not rely on ministry or preaching. Shinto gods are known as "kami;" sacred spirits that manifest into things and concepts relevant to existence, such as "wind, rain, mountains, trees, rivers and fertility" (Shinto, 2011, p. 1). According to Japanese Shinto tradition, when human beings die they become kami and are respected by family members and their kami ancestors.

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Personal Success in Shepard and Gardner Adam Shepard's Scratch Beginnings: Me, $25, and the Search for the American Dream and Chris Gardner's The Pursuit of Happyness are both stories of personal success attained by surviving challenging times. Both men write about their quest to realize the American Dream in their own lives. While Shepard's experience was merely an experiment, Gardner's was a lived experience that reflects the anguish, sacrifice, and hard work that went into his rise from poverty to a successful life as a stockbroker. Among the many sterling qualities needed by both men in order to succeed were resourcefulness and determination, and this paper will discuss how they leveraged these qualities to attain their personal success. Resourcefulness is the ability to overcome obstacles or solve difficult problems by using one's creativity and imagination to come up with unique solutions. Both Shepard and Gardner are faced with the prospect of having nowhere to sleep at some point and needing to find somewhere safe. Shepard (2) states, "My first order of business was to find a comfortable place to sleep. Shoot, it didn't even have to be a com

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Stakeholder Analysis, Communication Management Plan, & Quality Management Plan The preparation that goes into planning a systems project includes the development of key documents that provide plans and analysis of the pivotal factors in the project's success. Among these are the stakeholder analysis, the communication management plan, and the quality management plan. These are not merely documents to be developed and then put away on a shelf; they are tools that can be leveraged to shape the system and the project in line with the needs of the stakeholders. The stakeholder analysis identifies the key people affected by the new system, including the internal users of the system, internal and external customers that are impacted by it, the information systems department, the company's shareholders, and other individuals or groups that the system touches in one way or another. The stakeholder analysis enables IT not only to identify "the key people who have to be

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The fairy tale "The Canary Prince" by Italo Calvino deals with a young princess who is kept in isolation inside a forsaken castle in the middle of a forest by her envious stepmother. Although the princess is not allowed to leave the castle or even look outside the window, she soon befriends a young prince who regularly goes hunting in the forest. After their first encounter, he comes to visit her regularly. When a witch gives the young prince a magic book "with yellow, smudgy pages," the princess is able to transform the prince into a yellow canary, which enables him to fly to her window. Once there, she turns him back into a prince. The prince (in the shape of a bird) eventually falls victim to a plot devised by the princess's envious stepmother. The theme of envy plays a major role in the story and is symbolized by the reoccurring mot

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A personality disorders are difficult to live with and difficult to treat as a clinician. Of all of the personality disorders, I believe would it be most difficult to work with patients suffering from histrionic personality disorder. Histrionic personality disorder is characterized by emotional and dramatic displays that are motivated by a need to draw attention. Other symptoms include acting seductive and being easily influenced by others. The cause of the disord

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For years, many believed that the Amazon was inhabitable (Roosevelt, 1991). However recent evidence has unearthed the existence of an advanced civilization located there. The population of this civilization is estimated to be around 20 million. In the 1980s, Anna Roosevelt first led excavations on the Marajo Island at the mouth of the Amazon. She found foundations, pottery, and complex agriculture (Roosevelt, 1980). The Marajoara, people living on the Marajo island

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In Robert Solomon's "On Fate and Fatalism" the idea of fatalism is discussed in a modern context. Fatalism is a concept of necessity that holds what has happened, had to happen. The notion of karma, the Greek concept of moira, and the Chinese idea of ming demonstrate that many cultures have fatalistic viewpoints. Any tragedy or disaster could be explained this way with cosmic significance. Many local and national issues today have brought into the political spectrum people's definitions of theological concepts and their religious beliefs. One such issue that is of local concern but with a national reach was the repeal of Proposition 8. In California, the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints heavily financed a campaign against gay marriage. This issue is important to discuss, aside from a human rights perspective, because it

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1. Obligations Patent protection plays, as Harrelson (2001) has pointed out, an important role in economic growth. Along these lines, pharmaceutical companies frequently argue that without the generous profits they derive from selling drugs that are protected under patent laws, they would be unable to invest into new research, which is crucial in finding cures for devastating diseases such as cancer, HIV/Aids, or even various forms of influenza. For years, pharmaceutical companies have used this argument to oppose demands that they should sell their drugs at a reduced price to Third World countries, particularly sub-Saharan Africa, where HIV/Aids are rampant. This situation poses an ethical dilemma that is particularly hard to solve, since pharmaceutical companies are legally not required to share their patents or sell their drugs at reduced prices. In the absence of a legal framework that could force pharmaceutical companies to sell their drugs at reduced prices, this

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Asian American Dreams - Week 6 Lecture The shift to Asian American Dreams is also a shift westward, including the "Pacific Rim" which serves as the bridge connecting "Asian and American political and economic interests" (Asian 2). While Asian Americans have fared better in socio-economic terms than African Americans or Hispanic Americans, conflict and struggle for identity within Asian culture between generations seems to be a major focus of Asian American interpretations of the American Dream. Superstition in older generations of Asians and ancestors serve as "ghosts" for many Asian Americans like Amy Tan and Maxine Hong Kingston, ghosts which must often be exorcised by younger generations of Asians to take their place and mark their identity as Asians, Americans and as Asian Americans. Such memories and stories often constrain and inspire younger generations as they achieve their own, distinct, identity in American culture. Wayne Wang's "The Joy Luck Cl

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The poems of Robert Frost are generally on the surface reflections of nature, but there is always a deeper meaning. In the four poems "The Road Not Taken," "After Apple Picking," "Birches," and "Desert Place," the common underlying theme is the contemplation of life and death. In each of these poems, Frost alludes to some aspect of his life or his approaching death. In the first of the poems, "The Road Not Taken," Frost reflects upon his life, pointing out that early on he came to a fork in the road of his life where he had to choose either one path or the other. He would have liked to take them both but recognized that once he took one of them, it was likely he would never make it back to the fork to choose the other, so he chose the road that seemed less traveled. There is a hint of wistfulness in the poem, suggesting that he wished he could go back and travel the second road as well. He states, "Oh, I marked the first for another day!" suggesting that he ful

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While Henry James is very much an American writer and many of his protagonists are American women, he often sets his stories in Europe, thereby linking the New and Old worlds together. When one compares character and setting in Daisy Miller and The beast in the Jungle, one recognizes that James explores the female character with a subtlety that many men might not be able to match while simultaneously using setting to create an environment in which the flaws and foibles of his female characters as well as their virtues can be best seen. This is certainly true when one compares Daisy Miller to May Bartram. In Daisy Miller, James (1, 201) depicts a young American girl who is "singularly honest and fresh." In comparison her mother is regarded by the male interest in the story, Mr. Winterbourne, as "a simple, easily managed person" (Miller 1, 223). Daisy Miller is traveling through Europe with her mother and younger brother and as an American, exhibits behaviors and attitudes that

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Suicide of any type is considered a sin and assisted death goes against religious beliefs, but do we show more compassion to animals than we do to ourselves? An attempt to answer this question is made through a review of the arguments on both sides of the debate, namely the Right to Die arguments and the Right to Live arguments. The key elements of each side of the debate are reviewed, followed by a conclusions section in which the elements are examined in relation to the thesis statement. What is The Right to Die? Batting (2005) states that the phrase 'right to die' typically refers to a host of issues, both legal and social, that surround end of life decisions such as whether an individual should continue to live in a diminished or enfeebled state, whether a terminally ill patient should be allowed to and/or given help with suicide efforts. Specifically, right to die centers around who should be allowed to make decisions about one's own death. Advantages & Disadvantages

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"No clean clothes are provided for use in the confinement, and no hot water. Fresh cow-dung or goats' droppings, or hot ashes, however, often serve as heating agents when the patient's body begins to turn cold." The striking tone of "Mother India" and especially in the selection above is that childbirth is seen as something deserving few valuable resources. Raising a child takes an incredible amount of energy, and seeing that the infant mortality rate is so high in some Indian societies, it makes sense that people would not be investing many "expensive" resources into in child bearing. A child, anyhow, should be strong and strong enough to serve their fathers. As the introduction goes, "Men must have sons to serve their souls." The question remains: Why are dung and ashes, literally the refuse of the society, used in child

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China-Tibet and Russia-Chechnya Conflicts One of the key variables identified by political scientists as leading to internal tensions in the nation-state is ethnic diversity, a problem that has impacted some 53 of 172 countries with populations of over 200,000 in which a majority ethnic group occupies dominant positions vis-à-vis politics, culture, and the economy (Sodaro 148). China, whose population is 92 percent Han Chinese, "has continuing problems over Tibet, which was forcibly annexed in the 1950s by the Communist Chinese government" (Sodaro 148). Russia, reconstituted after the breakup of the former Soviet Union, has experienced a violent challenge in Chechnya, "a largely Muslim region where a separatist movement launched a guerrilla war for independence" (Sodaro 528). These ethnic conflicts will be analyzed herein, with the argument advanced that the Tibetans have not used armed conflict against the Chinese as the Chechens have against the Russians. Tibet has endu

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Introduction Tragic irony is one type of dramatic irony. In tragic irony the words and actions of the characters contradict the real situation occurring, one of which spectators are aware. Dramatic irony generates dramatic conflict, in that one or more characters rely upon something that the audience knows to be untrue. In Henrik Ibsen's study of family illusions, The Wild Duck, and in Sophocles' study of a well-meaning but misguided King, Oedipus The King; the authors rely heavily on tragic irony for impact. In The Wild Duck, Hjalmar Ekdal is unconscious of the fact that despite his image as a loving husband and father, he is a cruel, uncaring tyrant. In Oedipus The King, Oedipus is unaware that the murderer he seeks to right things in Thebes is, indeed, him. By using tragic irony to propel the action of Hjalmar and Oedipus, Ibsen and Sophocles respectively create dramatic conflict because we are aware of what these, ultimately tragic, characters are not.

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Feminist political philosopher Lorenne Clark made the assertion that from the standpoint of political theory, women, children, and the family live in an "ontological basement" not because of some historical accident or necessity, but as the consequence of an arbitrary definition (Curren, 2003). Clark, joined by Jane Roland Martin (1985), advanced the argument that the reproductive processes of society were excluded arbitrarily from the political domain which was defined by male thinkers in relation to the public world of productive processes. The reproductive processes were described as including creation and birth and raising children to a status of independence. Curren (2003) suggests that the analogy thus drawn

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The specific value that permeates Nathanial Hawthorne's short story titled, "The Birthmark," is beauty, a quality possessed by Georgiana, the wife of a dedicated "man of science, an eminent proficient in every branch of natural philosophy" named Aylmer (Hawthorne 402). He professes that he is shocked by a birthmark on her face which he calls "the visible mark of earthly imperfection," and which he sees as marring the very real physical beauty which she possesses when it sometimes appears when she is under the influence of some deep emotion (Hawthorne 402). Aylmer's inability to see the birthmark as anything more than a "frightful object, causing him more trouble and horror than ever Georgiana's beauty" leads to the loss of his wife and his effort to use science to remove a putative defect that others admire as a "charm" (Hawthorne 403). As Aylmer's marriage unfolds, he decides that he can use his science to eliminate the "fatal" birthmark that is present on his wife's cheek (Hawthorne 404). She willingly accepts the risk that would accompany such an effort because her husband feels

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Introduction In The Aging Workforce, Hedge, Borman and Lammelei maintain that "changing demographics" in U.S. society and the workplace demand organizations become knowledgeable about issues related to the "older worker," in order to develop "effective [human resources] practices for an aging workforce" (3). In January 2006, the first 77 million Baby Boomers turned 60 amidst radically changing notions of retirement (Freedman and Moen B1). In When Generations Collide, Lancaster and Stillman maintain generational cultural diversity characterizes the contemporary workplace, divided in four unique generations: Traditionalists, Baby Boomers, Generation Xers, and the Millenial Generation. This analysis will discuss how Baby Boomers are changing traditional stereotypes and societal attitudes toward what an older worker is in America and how what has been typically thought of as retirement age is changing and why. Body Longer life expectancy due to the

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