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Abstract The following presents a discussion of the Child Behavior Checklist. This tool is used to assess behavior in children ages two through 18 years. While there is a CBCL for pre-school aged children and older children ages four through 18 years, and each are reviewed for this discussion, the primary focus is on the older children version and the latest version, the Profile 1991. The CBCL is described, psychometric issues are presented, and suggested uses with related research are provided. An evaluation of this tool is followed by recommendations for its continued use. The Child Behavior Checklist is widely used. A review of this test in the Mental Measurements Yearbook (MMY) reveals that this test is a very useful clinical tool. However, this tool presents with the potential for ethnic groups to be misunderstood since they were underrepresented in the norms used in test development. It is recommended that the CBCL scales be used in multiple settings with children and

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OPERANT CONDITIONING THE METHODS OF OPERANT CONDITIONING Operant conditioning is a way to change the behavior of another human being. It differs from classical conditioning, in which a person or animal has an automatic, biological response to a stimulus. The most famous example of classical conditioning is found in the experiments of Ivan Pavlov. In Pavlov's experiments, dogs began to salivate at the sound of a bell because they had learned to associate the sound with the arrival of food. Operant conditioning, which was developed by the behaviorists B. F. Skinner and John B. Watson, is not based simply on the association of one thing with another. In operant conditioning, an individual learns to adopt a new behavior in response to the consequences of his or her previous behaviors (Stangor, 2011, p. 203). There are four types of operant conditioning: positive reinforcement, negative reinforcement, positive punishment, a

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This paper documents the music and career of singer Norah Jones. A versatile artist most often classified as a jazz singer, Jones shot to fame in 2002 with a multi-Grammy winning CD and has maintained her success with her abilities as a composer, pianist, and singer. Her influences include a range of performers, from Billie Holiday to Etta James, and she continues to deepen and enrich her music with inspiration from varied sources, including bluegrass and heavy metal. Jones was born on March 30, 1979, in Brooklyn, New York. Her full name at birth was Geethali Norah Jones Shankar, though she later simplified it with the blessing of both of her parents, legally retaining her two middle names. At the age of four, she and her mother, Sue Jones, moved to a suburb of Dallas, Texas. As a young girl, she sang in the church choir and started piano lessons when she was seven, briefly also playing saxophone in her junior high school band. Jones attended Booker T. Washington High School

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Construction of Schools: Future Possibilities Just as private sector businesses and residential construction developers are being challenged to use environmentally responsible, sustainable, and eco-friendly building processes and materials, so are public schools facing this challenge as they move forward into the twenty-first century. Scott Lafer (1)commented that integral to this challenge are such issues as design features, functions, costs, resources, and availability of commitment to the idea of green building. Schools are, said Lafer (2), an ideal locus for the use of green building techniques and materials; they can serve not only as examples of how efficient and effective such techniques are, but also as educational "labs" in which communities can learn more about the importance, safety, and sustainability of eco-friendly construction practices and site management. Designing eco-friendly schools, as described by Evantheia Schibsted (1-2) as involving a number of green fe

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The Grand Ole Opry was the gateway to country success in the years following World War II. While the Opry continues to be influential, this was one of its most fertile periods. Radio was king, and country music was the heart of what made the Opry popular. Charles K. Wolfe writes, "During the 1930s and 1940s, virtually every country musician had to establish

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Naturalism in American Literature 1. When Frank Norris (1106) states in his essay "Zola as a Romantic Writer" that "[n]aturalism is a form of romanticism, not an inner circle of realism," he is saying this in contrast to the usual perception of naturalism as being "an inner circle of realism-a kind of diametric opposite of romanticism, a theory of fiction where things are represented 'as they really are,' inexorably, with the truthfulness of a camera." Norris says this because naturalism as a genre is closer to romanticism than it is to realism, but it encompasses both. I agree with him. Naturalism has the grittiness of realism but also the drama of romanticism. While realism simply depicts a grim reality, the romantic side of naturalism imbues it with a greater meaning than rea

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Rail Security & Funding in Light of the Current Terrorism Threat Introduction Ever since September 11, 2011, increased terrorist action around the globe threatens the daily lives of American citizens abroad and at home. As Johnston and Nath explain: "Terrorism has existed as a global phenomenon for years, but it is only in recent decades that it has gathered momentum and sought to influence our daily lives" (255). Because of significant advances in technology, communications, weaponry, and transportation; terrorists are now able to network more readily, efficiently and sophisticatedly. This enhanced capability of terrorist networks has even led to the need for officials to protect domestic targets from both homegrown and international terrorist threats. Historically, terrorist groups target sites of significance to nations; whether they include political, economic, military or cultural sites. Al Qaeda's attack on the World Trade Center (WTC) and the

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Transformational Leadership of Lee Iacocca Lee Iacocca took over Chrysler Corporation when it was going out of business. As one article puts it, Iacocca raised Chrysler "from the grave" ("How to Raise a Company from the Grave: Lee Iacocca and Chrysler"). Iacocca started out as an engineer at Ford but was promoted to product development, developing the Ford Mustang, among other models ("Lee Iacocca Biography"). He moved to Chrysler when there seemed to be no hope for resurrecting it;

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The Salem Witch Trials Introduction According to the list of "Persons Hanged for Witchcraft During 1692" and the list of "Persons Accused of Witchcraft Who Died in Jail," provided by Frances Hill in The Salem Witch Trials Reader, twenty-five individuals lost their lives as a result of the Witch Trials held in Salem, Massachusetts, in 1692 (xv). Today, the Salem witchcraft outbreak of the late 1700s is emblematic of repression, intolerance and persecution. Then, the Witch Trials were a symbol of Puritan moral superiority, devotion to religious beliefs, and exactitude for any who dared transgress against Puritan values. While many viewed the Salem witch trials as the outcome of superstition, ignorance and religious zealotry; Puritan religious leaders viewed witchcraft as the manifestation of Satan's minion. In many ways, the Salem witch trials are significant historically because they represented a clash between rigid Puritan values of "community, simp

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In the boom period following World War II, the music scene in California was a vibrant place. Steven Connor writes, "Since the Second World War, music has both experienced and attempted to encompass dissipation, evaporation, exposure" (60), and California attracted musicians of all kinds, from classical to the early creators of what would become rock and roll. In country music, George Lewis writes, "California has Bakersfield ('N

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Supply, Demand and Price Elasticity Paper There are few things more universally accepted, admired, and demanded for than coffee. Coffee is one of the most common beverages throughout the United States and world alike, yet there are a number of substitutes available for coffees that create relatively high price elasticity for the product. When trends for designer

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A recent study concluded that babies with persistent regulatory problems (i.e. continuous crying) during their first year of life are more likely to have behavior problems (sciencedaily.com). The study conducted analysis on 22 earlier studies looking to clear up the uncertainty surrounding the correlation between regulatory problems and childhood behavior problems. This is directly related to material discussed in the course given that it is likely connected to emotional development. Babies must have their needs met in order to feel emotionally secure. Because babies ar

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PREFACE - HOW "CANDIDN'T" CAME TO BE It is a little known fact that the mighty Voltaire had an even mightier cousin, who went by the name of Voltage (primarily because he wanted a more electrifying name than that given him by his uninspired mother, namely Bernard). Voltage was so superior a philosopher to his puny cousin that all his philosophy was seen as simple common sense, and he never got proper credit for it from anyone. Voltage was also able to travel through time, though only in a flickering sort of way, popping in and out of centuries only long enough to get the wrong idea about each. Thus he came to glimpse our own age (one of them, at least) and decided to one-up his cousin by creating an even more picaresque tale than that nasty bit of fluff, Candide, the work that Leonard Bernstein, at least, best remembered the man for writing. Voltage set his tale in the age he had glimpsed (one of them, at least), but as usual got many things wrong. He forgot to back up his

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Social Psych Essay Questions 1. Social-psychological researchers have ethical obligations to society, funders and employers, colleagues, and subjects. For society, they owe responsible work that accords with their society's moral/legal order. For funders and employers, they owe clear relationships without moral compromise. For colleagues, they owe work that upholds accepted standards, and for subjects, they owe protection and to fully inform them ("SRA Ethical Guidelines," 2003, p. 13). 2. Self-serving bias is the tendency to grab credit while refusing to accept responsibility for failure. The effects include ego protection and the ability to meet goals ("Self-Serving Bias," n.d.). 3. Fundamental attribution error is focusing on a person rather than the situation that is really causing the problem. It is "fundamental" error because the whole basis of the analysis is wrong (Heath, 2010). An example would be "killing the messenger," where the person deliveri

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MarketSoft What is MarketSoft trying to achieve with their Market Research? According to the MarketSoft case study by Lassiter and Gardner published by Harvard Business School, MarketSoft had a number of goals associated with their extensive Market Research program. One of them is to validate there is a need for the marking automation software solution they are intending to bring to market. Another goal of this research is to understand how significant the need is for this product, and based on this information the company should be able to develop more realistic sales forecasts. Also, understanding demand for this type of software solution will help MarketSoft to establish an appropriate price for the software. According to the case study, the research being conducted by MarketSoft is also intended to help the software designers to create a product that meets the needs of the target market. The competitive research helped them to understand the limitation

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Lighting, Oil & Gass, Rail GE Businesses General Electric produces a vast array of products: GE Home Appliances include nearly 400 individual offerings including refrigerators, stoves, and laundry appliances. The product line includes almost anything that required in a modern homes kitchen or laundry in virtually every possible configuration. All offer high energy and water use efficiency. GE's Aviation products include a large array of jet engines for corporate, military and commercial aircraft and marine service. Electrical Equipment and distribution provides electric utilities with all the equipment required for modern utility company's to produce and distribute power. It also offers equipment to water utilities. Its Healthcare products range from from medical imaging and information technologies to diagnostics. The Lighting business is perhaps GE's most ubiquitous product line. GE was one of the original pro

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The Theme of Doubt in Doubt In John Patrick Shanley's Doubt: A Parable, the theme of doubt is played out in multiple ways, showing that every character experiences doubt-even the seemingly doubt-free Sister Aloysius, who seems to have the certainty of conviction. Doubt is pervasive in the play, but it occurs for a variety of reasons, some commendable and others not. During the course of the play, doubt results from suspicion, a sense of responsibility, questionable appearances, and a desire to be fair. Doubt because of suspicion is Sister Aloysius's purvey. She suspects that Father Flynn is molesting Donald Muller, and from that suspicion she builds a case against him, using input from Sister James as fodder for it. She questions Sister James closely about the situation and then calls Father Flynn into her of

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Risk and Procurement Introduction Understanding the environment in which a company operates is critical to the decision making process. Such environmental understanding requires recognizing the risks that are associated with current and planned activities, and what consequences those risks might carry for the company. Not all companies have a formal risk analysis process in place, and small companies in particular are likely to overlook the benefits that a formal process can bring. Once risks are identified, they can affect many different aspects of a company's operations, including the procurement effort. This research considers risk analysis and the effect of risk analysis on a risk management plan and procurement plan for organizations. Analysis There are four types of risk that companies face: strategic, compliance, financial and operational. A new competitor or technology entering the market is a strategic risk. Compliance risks incl

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This paper describes the background of some of the few women who were household names in country music in the post-World War II boom. George Lewis writes, "The roots of modern country music are sunk deep in post-World War II America, a time of great shifts and changes in the social fabric of the country" (7). Reflecting society as a whole at the time, women were present and active, but often in supporting roles. It was not until the later 1950s that country music began to shift from being a largely male-dominated field. Being a member of a family group was often the best hope a female country singer had of building a successful career up until this time. As the Grand Ole Opry and other Nashville, Tennessee, concerns began to establish Nashville as the center of country

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McBride Financial Services Project Management Plan Introduction McBride Financial Services aims to provide low-cost mortgage services to home buyers in the five-state area of Idaho, Montana, North Dakota, and South Dakota. It has an ambitious goal of breaking even financially within six months of starting its operations and of becoming profitable within one year. In order to accomplish this goal, it intends to leverage technology to minimize its costs and streamline is process to make obtaining mortgages simpler and more efficient for both its customers and itself. The key factor in its ability to achieve this goal is the development of a web site that allows customers to quickly apply for a mortgage online for a flat fee that includes all of the primary services needed to buy a house, including the making of arrangements for appraisal and inspection of the property by local licensed professionals. The process is designed to take place rapidly, allowing customers to

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HIV/AIDS Prisoners Introduction The following presents a research document on the effects of AIDS and drug addiction on prison populations in the last five years. A discussion of HIV/AIDS in prison populations and related effects as well as national trends is presented. An analysis of trends and programs used by correctional systems to deal with this growing problem is provided. One unique program that is not already in place to combat HIV/AIDS among prisoners is suggested. This is followed by conclusions. HIV/AIDS and Drug Addiction in Prison Populations Nation and worldwide, HIV and AIDS in prisons remains a problem. HIV is found more often in prison populations compared to the general population and prisons provide a high risk situation that promotes HIV transmission. HIV positive inmates fail to receive the care they need and while HIV testing is mandatory in some prisons, this is viewed as a breach of human rights. It is estimated that up to 25% of all Americ

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Terrorist Threats to the New York Subway System New York City Subway Map (Massimo Vignelli, 2008) [pic] (Goldberger 1) Introduction The New York City Subway system map shown above is an updated version of the iconic 1972 diagram designed by Massimo Vignelli (Goldberger 1). Vignelli's map expresses an "obsessive clarity" that, in the view of The New Yorker journalist Paul Goldberger, "turns out to be the perfect basis for digital information" (1). The largest mass transit system in the world, with 842 miles of track and 468 stations, the New York Subway system is the transportation lifeblood of Manhattan and its surrounding four Burroughs (New York 1). The first underground portion of the New York Subway opened in 1904; part of a mass transit system that today is almost sixty percent underground (New York 1). From Grand Central Terminal to Pennsylvania Station, the subway snakes under all parts of Manhattan and beyond, including its waterways. Teeming

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Book Review Donna Tartt. The Little Friend. New York: Knopf, 2002. 555 pp. Set in the 1970s in a small town in the Deep South of Mississippi, Donna Tartt's The Little Friend follows the search for the murderer of nine-year-old Robin Cleve Dufresnes, found hung to death in the garden on Mother's Day. The protagonist of this often cruel, violent and graphic novel, intended for adults but told from the perspective of children, is Robin's sister Harriet, one when he was killed and twelve when the story opens. The novel pits the Old South against the New South in the two central families; the Cleves and the Ratliffs. The former includes Harriet and her slower, older sister Adele. Her family has abandoned the family for Tennessee and her mother has retreated into a drug-induced netherworld, blaming herself for her son's death: "Charlotte Cleve would blame herself for her son's death because she had decided to have Mother's Day dinner at six in the evening rather than noon, after church, which is when the Cleves usually had it" (Tartt 1). Also in the Cleve household is maternal grandmother, Edie, and Harriet'

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Ius Ad Bellum Ius ad bellum refers to the notion of "just war," or more precisely, "the right to wage war." The concept of Ius ad bellum was first introduced by Augustine of Hippo (A.D. 354-420). He redefined the radical pacifism of early Christians by outlining reasons that would justify war (Walzer, 2002). This redefinition was crucial, as he transformed Christianity from a pacifist religion to one that would wage war against non-believers. Although Augustine insisted that the Christian soldier fought with "a down-cast demeanour, without anger or lust" (Walzer, 2002, 925) this paradigmatic shift opened up the possibility of fighting religiously motivated wars or waging crusades. From today's perspective, it becomes evident that the notion of "just war" was abused by Christian leaders and monarchs to lead brutal wars, which from today's perspective, would not be considered "just." By the same token, one could argue that the Vietnam War fought by the United States as a

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Seven Concepts in the Structure of Contemporary Technology In his essay "Artifacts/Ideas and Political Culture," Langdon Winner (87) identifies seven concepts that are present in the structure of contemporary technology-the centralization of power, few talking and many listening, barriers between social classes, a hierarchically structured world, unequal distribution of good things, differing competencies between women and men, and the openness of one's life to "continual inspection." As Winner (85) points out, "Many of the things we like to think of as mere tools or instruments now function as virtual members of our society," and this has certainly been the case with new technologies. He associates the artifact of a technological tool with related ideas and shows how they work in tandem to become part of the political culture. For Winner, a cell phone is not just a handy means of communication; it is an artifact embedded in our culture that correlates with mainstream ide

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