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This paper is about the revolution of 1979 in Iran and the effect it has had throughout the world. Protests that began in the fall of 1977 under the leadership of Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomaini eventually overthrew the Pahlavi monarchy that had been in power for fifty years. The uprising itself took just two days. The effects of the revolution, which replaced a modern, Western-friendly government with a fundamentalist Islamic government, continue to have a powerful impact on the politics of the region. Not only did it transform the nation, it also has had an ongoing influence on international relations across the globe. Iran's geographic position, as well as the shift from a government friendly to the United States to one suspicious of and opposed to Westernization, has helped make an often unstable region even more explosive. Shaul Bakhash writes, "The Iranian Revolution in 1979 astonished the world because an opposition armed only with slogans and leaflets overthrew a ruler with formidable assets at his disposal" (9). The Pahlavi dynasty, established in 1925, ruled the country with a tight fist, a large ar

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Youth Violence in Washington State The Issue Youth violence is one of the most pressing social ills that promise to cripple entire generations of youth. The Washington State Department of Health defines youth violence as "All death and hospitalization due to injuries inflicted by another person with the intent to injure or kill by any means among youth ages 10-24" (State 1). Youth violence is widespread and a pervasive problem in American schools and on the streets of cities, towns and rural areas. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), youth violence is the second leading cause of death among young people between the ages of 10 and 24 (Understanding 1). From an increase in bullying and guns being brought to school to other social ills like poor parenting, poverty and drug use; youth violence resulted in 5,764 murders of young people ages 10 to 24, an average of 16 young adults per day (Facts 1). Many youth are deemed at-

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Anthropology Position Paper In this collection of short essays-"How Native Is a 'Native' Anthropologist," by Kirin Narayan, "Breaching the Wall of Difference," by Kamala Ganesh, and "Shared Blessings as Ethnographic Practice," by Ann Grodzins Gold-each author discusses a different issue as an anthropologist, yet there are common threads among them. Narayan's essay subtly argues for tearing down the walls between "inside" and "outside" anthropologists, pointing out why in many cases the distinction is a moot one, while Ganesh points out that even for those in the upper castes, their caste limits and inhibits them, and Gold emphasizes the sense of community among women in the Indian society she studies and is part of. Separately, they address different issues peculiar to their own individual experience as anthropologists. Together, these three writers' experiences seem to meld together in expressions of larger issues that transcend anthropology, such as women's rights, t

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Ernest Hemingway's "Hills Like White Elephants" Hemingway's short story "Hills Like White Elephants" is set somewhere in Spain along the River Ebro. An American man and a young woman, both of whom are not further identified, are waiting at a bar for an arriving train that is supposed to take them to Madrid. While waiting for the train they have a couple of drinks and overlook the Ebro valley and the white mountains that they can see across the valley. Their conversation is cryptic but it appears that they are discussing whether the young woman should have an abortion, which the man describes as "not really an operation at all. [...] It's just to let the air in." The young woman appears to have second thoughts on having the procedure done, although both o

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valuation of companies and derivatives: a research proposal Introduction The conduct of a research study is proposed to investigate links between the valuation of companies and the valuation of derivatives. In this brief proposal for the conduct of research, several issues are addressed. First, background information on the proposed research topic is presented. This presentation is followed by a statement of the purpose of the proposed study and by a statement of the research question that is proposed for investigation. A brief explanation of the proposed research methodology then is presented. Lastly, the expected contributions of the proposed research to the academic literature and to practitioner literature are explained. Background A global financial and economic meltdown came to the widespread attention of people around the world in the early-Fall of 2008. This global financial and economic meltdown soon evolved into a global economic recession that assum

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Psychoanalytic Reading of William Shakespeare's Hamlet Hamlet is not just the longest play written by William Shakespeare but it is also one that has inspired a number of psychoanalytic readings of the character of Hamlet. After seeing the ghost of his dead father King Hamlet at Elsinore, the Danish royal castle, Prince Hamlet, the protagonist of the play, is convinced that Claudius, his father's brother, has killed the king. Claudius has succeeded King Hamlet to the throne. He is now married to Gertrude, Prince Hamlet's mother and King Hamlet's widow. The ghost of King Hamlet urges Hamlet to take revenge and kill Claudius. However, throughout the play Hamlet hesitates to kill his uncle. His behavior becomes erratic and he is believed to have gone mad. Claudius becomes increasingly suspicious of Hamlet's behavior and plots to kill him by sending him on a diplomatic mission to England. However, Hamlet escapes this plot and returns to Elsinore where he, his mother, and Claudiu

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Constitutional Impact Introduction During the period of 1760-1820, working life in the America was shaped on a number of levels and in a number of ways by the framing of the United States Constitution. For example, in New England settlements agrarian conflict arose between those such as Henry Knox who hoped to validate dubious land claims going back to seventeenth-century "proprietary grants" and courageous settlers who justified their land holdings by "revolutionary patriotism" (Taylor 17). Many of what were known as the "leading men" - typically mill owners and traders - arose from the settler culture and became Jeffersonians, using state politics to help resolve the conflict (Taylor 18). In a like manner, Jeffersonians and the leading men served as champions of the settlers and patriotism. Such conflicts based on constitutional framing evolved laws such as the Betterment Act of 1808, a land reform act that placed valuations on land (Taylor 19). In this

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Organized Crime and Connections to Terrorism Introduction Criminologists, social scientists, and government policymakers have, until relatively recently, viewed organized crime and terrorism as two different forms of crime. Organized crime, as represented by the domestic Mafia in the United States and both the Russian and Italian Mafias is generally viewed as focused on economic profit and on acts that are designed to facilitate the acquisition of as much of an illegal market share as possible (Bovenkerk & Chakra, 2004). Conversely, terrorism is seen as motivated chiefly by political ideology and the desire for some type of political change. Nevertheless, in recent years, new research indicates that the divisions between organized crime and terrorism have been blurred, partially as a consequence of the fact that many terrorist groups use the illicit drug trade that was once the exclusive purview of traditional organized crime families and cartels as a source of finance (Shelley

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Phobias and Addictions This essay discusses phobias and addictions as related to classical and operant conditioning. Phobias and addictions are two emotional difficulties which learning theorists can account for under behaviorist conditioning theory. I begin by explaining classical and operant conditioning, and what extinction means. Pavlov, a physiologist, used what is called "classical conditioning" in his famous experiments with dogs. He first presented dogs with food and measured their salivary response. Then he began ringing a bell just before presenting the food. After some repetitions of this, the dogs began to salivate when only the sound of the bell was presented. The dogs' behavior (physiological response) had become conditioned to respond automatically merely to the sound of the bell; the sound became associated with the presentation of the food. Through this conditioning, the dogs learned automatic responses, without using the stimuli that would naturally cr

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The Afghan Civil War between the communist party rule and the fundamentalist Islamist rebellion occurred in the 1970s. In 1973 the communist party called the People's Democratic Party of Afghanistan (PDPA) overthrew King Zahir. King Zahir, the last Shah of Afghanistan, was then replaced with Mohammad Daoud. After the coup, the Saur Revolution took place and a number of assassinations between rivaling factions for power had occurred. The region was very unstable due to the shifting power and frequent changes in leadership, which left it vulnerable to the PDPA (Maley 58). The Muslims and the communist party have fundamental ideological differences. The Muslim belief structure does not align well with the 'godless' communist belief structure and rule (Halliday and Tanin 1361). The Afghan people have a rich history of customs an

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This paper considers the way that art relates to changes in the socio/political/religious climate of its times. Art can be both a reflection and a launching pad. An excellent example of this is the way that art in the Middle Ages in Italy began to visually break away from medievalism, presaging the whole intellectual revolution that became the Renaissance. By returning to classical roots for inspiration and then expanding on those classical models, Italian artists led the move away from the stilted, non-naturalistic, Gothic vision of the world that had characterized Western civilization during the medieval period. The Renaissance began in Italy, and this is visible in the paintings, sculpture, and even the architecture of the time. However, the art produced in Italy in the 13th, 14th, and 15th centuries did not simply reflect a new, humanistic way of thinking, it also helped it to happen. Fred S. Kleiner and Christin J. Mamiya write, "Italian artists and scholars regarded medieval artworks as distortions of the noble art of the Greeks and Romans" (375).

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Empirical probability versus Theoretical probability Empirical probability refers to the relative frequency of a certain outcome in an actual experimental setting. Thus empirical probability is also referred to as experimental probability (Creswell, 2009). Theoretical probability on the other hand is concerned with the analysis of random phenomena (Hughes & Sharrock, 2007). Both concept

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Industrial Security Questions 1. According to the Occupational Safety and Health Administration's (OSHA) Hazard Communication Standard (HCS), there are four requirements regarding the communication of chemical hazards. . Chemical Labeling: This requires that all chemicals in the workplace be labeled. The information which must be present includes the name of the chemical and warnings about any hazards the material may present. . Hazard Determination: This says that the employer must identify and maintain a list of all hazardous chemicals used in the workplace. . Employee Training: This requires that the employer provide to the employees training covering handling of hazardous materials, use and interpretation of both MSDSs and hazcom labels, and information about the HCS. . Material Safety Data Sheets: An MSDS is a document that gives detailed information about a material, incl

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Industrial Security Plan In developing an overall security plan for an industrial organization, one must be attentive to many considerations. The best place to begin is with a business continuity plan (BCP) and a disaster recovery plan (DR). The reason is simple: the goal of BCP/DR planning is to provide for an organization's ongoing operations in the face of a potential disturbance or disruption in its service. Whereas business continuity planning seeks to promote the continuous, smooth operation of the organization's usual operations, disaster recovery presupposes some sort of disruption in normal operations inasmuch as it is directed toward "recovery" efforts. Whereas BCP helps prevent and anticipate a disaster or unfavorable incident in advance, Disaster Recovery (DR) is the strategy of planned recuperation from a negative incident of some magnitude. The event might be something huge, such as an earthquake or the terrorist attacks on the World Trade Center, or something sma

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Question 1. The issue as rephrased by the Court in Hagan v. Coca-Cola Bottling Co. was: does the impact rule preclude a claim for damages for emotional distress caused by the consumption of a foreign substance in a beverage product where the plaintiff suffers no accompanying physical injuries? The Court answered the certified question as rephrased in the negative and quashed in part the decision made by the Fifth District Court of Appeals and allowed jury awards to the plaintiffs despite the fact that they had suffered no physical injury. The judgment was valid in that the limited interpretation of law to allow for damages only in cases of physical injury does not take into consideration according to the Court the fact that in some instances, psychological and emotional damages or emotional damages are as debilitating as physical damages. Question 2. Four of the main functions of law are maintaining social control, protecting public order, resolving disputes, and protecting ce

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I.A.T.S.E. Introduction Unions have long been a power player in America's labor history. Labor or trade unions are groups of people who have banded together in order to achieve common goals in terms of working conditions and benefits. When most people hear the word union, they think about the unions the United States was founded on: railroad workers or factory workers. What people may not realize, was even as early as 1863 there were theatrical unions. The International Alliance of Theatrical Stage Employees, Moving Picture Technicians, Artists and Allied Crafts of the United States, Its Territories and Canada, or I.A.T.S.E. is a union the encompasses all members of the entertainment industry from the artisans to the craftspeople to the technicians, and covers theater, movies, television, and trade shows. Why was it formed? The International Alliance of Theatrical Stage Employees, or I.A.T.S.E. was founded in 1893 as the National Alliance of Theatrical Stage Empl

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Religion in History Over the course of history, religion has changed dramatically. Taking Christianity as an example, when the religion started over 2,000 years ago, it was not a religion; it was a way of life marked by faith in the Word of God and Jesus Christ as Lord and Savior. Adherents of the faith devoted their lives to spreading the Gospel and did not get sidetracked into making a name for themselves or seeking self-aggrandizement. Moreover, they applied their faith to every life situation; they did not keep it segregated into a separate part of their lives that was only to be revisited on the Sabbath. They lived their faith every day. Further, while there were multiple sects of Judaism during the first days of the early Church, t

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Religious and Cultural Problems in India Religious and linguistic diversity in India-although India embraces these-have still caused problems for the administration. Religious conflict involving Hindus and Muslims, for example, has resulted in violence, and cultural conflicts between Pakistan and Kashmir have caused some to believe that even nuclear war is a possibilit

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Email and Work The internet offers individuals boundless opportunity to explore the world. The problem with this excessive freedom is when people take it out of their personal space and abuse this freedom in their place of work. In recent years there has been an upward trend of employee email and internet monitoring. This paper will explore the effects of internet monitoring in the job place as well as my own personal work situation. My current employer is a small business. Because of the proximity of everyone in the office, there is not a real need to monitor computer activities. There is little way that someone could play on Facebook without the entire office knowing. However, our policy is still to limit person internet use, such as email to our break periods. In the past, I worked for the state at a university. The rules for internet use there were much more stringent. We signed a re

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Leadership: Building Successful Relationships Q1. Effective leaders today often need to foster relationship building in an online environment, which is more challenging than doing so face to face. The leader's strategy in virtual teams is to use an ongoing process of relationship building in which team members are fully engaged in the work process and the leader is managing the process electronically across all boundaries, including time, space, organization, and culture (Pauleen, 2004, p. 230). These strategies improve the organization's success

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Followership In Business Introduction Leadership is often the subject of detailed analysis, including leadership styles and the effect of leadership on organizations, but far less attention is traditionally paid to the role that followers play. Leaders are only as effective as their followers, and followers thus have the ability to shape a leader's success through their actions or inaction. This research considers the role that followership plays in a business environment. Analysis Brandes, Dharwadkar and Wheatley (2004) considered four social exchanges that occur within organizations, and found that local social exchanges, including the relationship with supervisors, have a greater impact on work performance than did global social exchanges, such as that between an employee and top management. Nonetheless, the global social exchange between the employee and the organization influences the in-role performance of the employee. The relationship with the supervisor has a significant effect on both in-role and extra-role performance, which emphasizes the importance of leadership at this level. When supervisors a

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Adaptive Leadership Introduction There is no one leadership style that is best for all organizations, or even for the same organization at different times in its history. There are times that it is appropriate for organizations to have charismatic leaders who can inspire change and lead the organization in a new direction, and other times that organizations need a less charismatic leader who is able to build a strong management team capable of leading without being overly dependent on a single individual. Some organizations thrive with a command-and-control structure, while others are able to achieve their greatest performance with a flat organization. This research considers adaptive leadership, its relationship to followership, and the types of organizational cultures in which adaptive leadership is likely to thrive. Analysis Adaptive leadership is a leadership style in which leaders are flexible in their leadership techniques recognizing the differences among their

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Leadership View Comparison Paper When Ireland and Hitt addressed the issue of strategic leadership in their 1999 article, they recognized the importance of top management teams (TMTs) and the influence those teams exerted on the organization. They also identified six components of strategic leadership that they perceived as critical to success in the twenty-first century: vision, core competencies, human capital, organizational culture, ethical practices, and balanced organizational controls (Ireland & Hitt, 1999). Boal and Hooijberg published

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The Best Communicator Alive Today The best communicator alive today is Keith Olbermann. This is not because of his politics and opinions, which are highly questionable and inflammatory in this writer's opinion, but because of his ability to incisively analyze an issue and present it in a compelling manner that draws his audience's interest. He is fascinating to watch and listen to, and he engages his viewing audience by looking them directly in the eye. His words are well crafted, with no extraneous clutter; he gets right to the point, and he sharpens that point with well-chosen words. Al Gore, who hired Olbermann to his own Current network after Olbermann was fired from MSNBC, said of him, "Keith Olbermann is a gifted thinker, an amazing talent and a powerful communicator..." (Mooney, 2011). Joel Hyatt, the executive vice chairman and co-founder of Current says of Olbermann, "He

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Crisis Leadership of Lee Iacocca During his term as CEO, Lee Iacocca rescued the Chrysler Corporation from the brink of disaster and simultaneously made a name for himself as one of the greatest exemplars of crisis leadership in the history of the nation. In his article on what he terms "level 5 leadership," Jim Collins (2001, n.p.) describes level 5 leaders as "powerfully transformative executives [that] possess a paradoxical mixture of personal humility and professional will." He calls them both "timid and ferocious," "shy and fearless," and he deems them "rare-and unstoppable" (Collins, 2001, n.p.). Collins (2001, p. 6) identifies Iacocca as a level 5 leader who was instrumental in Chrysler's turnaround and responsible for the company's stock rising 2.9 times higher than the general market. Iacocca (2007) himself once remarked that a vital quality of leadership is charisma, which, he noted, "makes people want to follow you. I

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