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In the 2005 BusinessWeek article "Will Rewiring Nokia Spark Growth?," much can be learned about the company. Although its mission statement is not specifically provided, it can be deduced from the article as "Developing new and unique mobile phone products that consumers cannot find elsewhere." Its social responsibility is not addressed in the article either, but a recommended social responsibility policy would be to ensure that its manufacturing is kind to the environment, does not support illegal or unethical practices, and does its part as a "citizen." The company's ethics are mentioned as an adjunct to the way it treats its customers, one of whom stated, "Their attitude was that, given their size, they didn't need to listen to us" (Reinhardt & Moon, 2005). The company's ethics are not detailed, but their ethical policies should ensure that the company is honest with the public, and that everything it does is from a right motive. Nokia's external environment is b

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Primary sources of documents published in the years prior to the advent of the U.S. Civil War affirm the growing tension between North and South over the putative power of the slave-owning states with respect to the rest of the country. For example an article appearing in 1857 in the Atlantic Monthly (12) stated that: "That the stronger half of the nation should suffer the weaker to rule over it in virtue of its weakness, that the richer region should submit to the political tyranny of its impoverished moiety because of that very poverty, is indeed a marvel and a mystery." The editors of this publication asked an important question: "Are we forever to submit to be cheated out of our national rights by an oligarchy as despicable as it is detestable, because it clothes itself in the forms of democracy, and allows us the ceremonies of choice, the name of power, and the permission to register the edicts of the sovereign" (Atlantic Monthly, 14)? The answer to this particular questio

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Introduction Kurt Lewin (1890-1947) was a famous, charismatic psychologist who is now viewed as the father of social psychology. Born in Germany, Lewin emigrated to the United States as a result of anti-Semitism and the Nazi rise to power in Germany. As a Jew and a German, Lewin was directly influenced by events taking place in the years between the two World Wars; he was specifically impacted by the growing anti-Semitism of Germany, which made life for scholars as well as ordinary men and women extremely difficult and potentially (as was to be revealed under the Nazis) life-threatening (Burnes, 2004). Lewin's work, as noted by Burnes (2004), dominated the theory and practice of management for over forty years, a period in which major political, social and economic changes were occurring throughout the world. At issue in this report is an analysis of how Lewin's life and work were influenced by the anti-Semitism he encountered in Germany and, later, in the United States

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According to a document published online on the Glasgow Electric Plant Board website, the settlements in New England known as the Northern Colonies were settled for religious purposes. The best-known group of religious refugees that settled in these colonies were Protestants known as Puritans. Puritans were called Puritans because they wanted to purify the Church of England. Their social structure was based on relative equality, unlike the divided social structure of the Southern Colonies. However, religious freedom in Puritan colonies did not exist. The Puritan's world view did not tolerate other religious affiliations (Fye). According to a document published on the About.com website, the Northern Colonies did not have good farmland. Typically, the soil was rocky and the growing season was short. As a result, the farms were small and normally would provide only enough food for the families living and working on them. The Northern Colonies flourished by relying on fishing, shipbuilding, lumbering, and fur trading, along with trading goods with England and to a lesser extent the rest of E

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Introduction Two of the most popular films of all time are Victor Fleming's (1939) Gone With The Wind and Robert Wise's (1965) The Sound of Music. The films share many similarities in that they exhibit top-notch production values, are highly entertaining, and tell good stories well. However, they also exhibit numerous differences, like Gone With The Wind being fiction and The Sound of Music based on the real Trapp Family Singers and the former being shot primarily on sound stages with the latter shot mostly on location in Austria. Because of the demands of the production on Gone With The Wind, its producer David O. Selznick remained the visionary creative force behind the film. In his review of the movie, Roger Ebert (1998) notes, Selznick "understood that the key to mass appeal was the linking of melodrama with state-of-the-art production values" (p. 2). Both films are highly appealing for this reason. This discussion will provide a comparative analysis of a number of

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Introduction In William Faulkner's fragmented novel Go Down, Moses, the author explores a number of themes in seven fragmented short stories. Chief among these is the debilitating impact of exploitation and slavery on African Americans, race relations, and society. The book's title refers to an African American spiritual that refers to Exodus 5:1 from the Bible and both end with the words "Let my people go." One of the minor characters in the novel, Mollie Beauchamp, is featured in the final story of the novel, "Go Down, Moses." In this story, the death of Mollie's grandson and the appearance of Gavin Stevens, an educated and traveled man, connect the theme of slavery and race in the other stories. For Gavin's recognition of Mollie's desire to be treated like anyone else is Faulkner's way of providing hope that the exploitation and ignorance that enslave African Americans may one day end. Body In "Go Down, Moses," a black man is questioned in

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Benetton has decided to reinvent itself by integrating and centralizing its global network of suppliers and distributors while defying conventional wisdom in the process (Camuffo, Romano, and Vinelli, 47). In response to a number of external influences, including enhanced competition, the aging of the firm's initial target market, and changing fashion trends, Benetton has determined that to remain competitive in the new globalized arena it must have firsthand contact with the end customer, respond in real time to market changes, and find new ways to ensure direct control over the supply and distribution chain. Part of Benetton's strategy with respect to distribution is to enhance its communication with all actors in is value chain, to restructure its advertising efforts to less controversial, and to use ordinary people rather than models and celebrities in more conventional ads while still focusing on non-controversial themes as racial discrimination, poverty, child labor, and AIDS awareness (Benetton Group..., 3). Camuffo, et al (48) noted that Benetton's traditional

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The theory of revolutionary science offered by Thomas Kuhn maintains science does not advance in a direct fashion as new knowledge is added to previous knowledge. Instead, science occurs in revolutions or "paradigm shifts" that represent the interaction of three phases or stages of scientific inquiry (Smith, 2008, p. 1). As Smith (2008) notes, "Paradigm shifts are not just a matter of gradual accumulation of knowledge...there are things that are lost as well as gained" (p. 1). Prescience is the first stage in which a generally accepted "paradigm" of scientific inquiry is absent. This stage leads to a period of "normal science" in which a "majority of workers are working within a certain paradigm...those who are not can, perhaps, be dismissed as cranks" (Smith, 2008, p. 1). This implies there is only one appropriate paradigm per field during a period of normal science. Scientists work to improve the validity of the paradigm through "puzzle-solving," but efforts to

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Introduction Public Administration (PA) is generally understood as the assortment or compendium of activities undertaken by a legally and/or constitutionally established government via the public sector to ensure the delivery of public services; the making and enforcement of law; the collection and allocation of revenues and resources; the implementation of public policies in such diverse fields as economics, social welfare, education, and health; and all other related programs and policies that taken together represent government at work in overseeing the social contract (Chandler 1-2). At the heart of public administration (including both policy formation and the processes of policy implementation within government) is an assortment of permanent bureaucracies attached to central government departments. It is in and through these government bureaucracies, departments, and agencies that the entire set of tasks associated with governance takes place (Chandler 1-2). PA as desc

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Utilitarianism is a philosophy that determines the moral value (rightness or wrongness) of an action based on its usefulness in generating happiness or pleasure for the most numbers of people. Happiness is the only desirable end in the view of utilitarian John Mill, "The utilitarian doctrine is that happiness is desirable, and the only thing desirable, as an end; all other things being desirable as means to that end" (Debate, 2008, p. 100). In one sense, this implies that any means are justified so long as happiness is the end achieved by those means. This analysis will provide examples of moral and immoral acts from a utilitarian perspective. A conclusion will offer a criticism against utilitarianism as well as a response to the criticism. One example of acts that would be deemed immoral from a utilitarian perspective are the acts of the suicide terrorists who killed more than 3,000 innocent civilians on September 11, 2001. The terrorists did this in order to increase the happiness or pleasure of Islamic extremists who vie

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Introduction In Susan Glaspell's "Trifles" a woman is suspected of murdering her husband in his sleep. Minnie Wright is a lonely farmwife whose husband is austere and offers her little compassion or nurturing. When the Sheriff and County Attorney come to investigate the crime scene, with them is Mrs. Hale and Mrs. Peters, respectively the wife of a witness, Mr. Hale, and the Sheriff, Mr. Peters. Throughout the story, Glaspell provides us with symbols that unite Mrs. Hale and Mrs. Peters where Minnie's fate is concerned. Knowing they all suffer from injustice and oppression living in a patriarchal society, the women create their own code of morality and conceal crucial evidence that implicates Minnie. In doing so, Mrs. Hale and Mrs. Peters create their own brand of justice for Minnie that helps level the uneven playing field between men and women in their society. Body From the beginning of the story, Glaspell shows us that the men think the do

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In his article "Updike's A&P," Corey Evan Thompson argues that the narrator and main character Sammy is not a hero for standing up for the young girls but a young man frustrated with his job. Thompson (2001, p. 215) points out that Sammy must deal with annoying customers that he refers to as "'witches,' 'bums,' and 'sheep.'" Thompson (2001, p. 215) states of Sammy that "He suggests that he has been thinking about quitting for at least a few months" and notes that Sammy has worked at the grocery for so long that he even describes the girls in terms of products that are sold at the store. Thompson's (2001, p. 216) points are well taken. It is obvious that Sammy is indeed bored and frustrated with his job. His describing the girls' body parts using terms related to grocery store products such as "a soft looking can" and "the two smoothest scoops of vanilla"(indicates that Sammy's frame of reference in all issues is the grocery store. Sammy has also been spending "all [his] time thinking," and Thompson (2001, p. 21

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The following presents the topic of traditional and constructivist teaching methods in the classroom. These methods are compared and contrasted. This is followed by a summary and conclusions. Traditional Versus Constructivist Methods Today's diverse student population has resulted in teachers seeking changes in traditional methods of instructing students (Kumar 247). Teachers seek ways to improve student motivation and engagement in the learning process (Vosniadou 47). Methods of teaching include the traditional or teacher-centered methods and the constructivist or student-centered methods (Travis and Lord 12). Traditional methods have been used for many years but teachers are seeking student-centered approaches to help motivate students to learn and increase their excitement and interest in learning (Kumar 247). Each of these methods has advantages and disadvantages for the teacher and the student. The teacher-centered approach assumes that all students ha

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Introduction: Many health care providers are experiencing financial hardships that could eventually lead to bankruptcy. Often these hardships are the result of shortfalls in the payments received for patient care as a result of the methods used to calculate the amount the health care provider will receive for services rendered to patients. Financial difficulties include operating losses, bond downgrades, and even bond defaults. Explanation of Capitation According to an essay by Francis B. Quinn, M.D. published online by the University of Texas, managed care via capitation involves a healthcare delivery system in which the healthcare provider will receive a flat fee per enrollee. The payment is the same no matter how many services or what type of services each patient actually receives. Under a managed care via capitation payment method, the healthcare provider is financially responsible even if the actual cost of providing services greatly exceeds the amount of money received. The challenge of working with capitation is managing risk against potential rewards. For example, it would be high risk to be compensated

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Businesses wishing to operate or do business in Turkey must consider numerous issues, from corruption to cultural practices. Despite these considerations, Turkey is strategically positioned at the crossroads to Europe, Asia, and the Middle East. According to the U.S. Department of Commerce, "Aside from its location as the bridge between East and West, Turkey's complex mix of modern industry and commerce continues to attract a diverse set of companies ranging from mining to high technology to energy" (Country, 2008, p. 1). With a market of more than 68 million people, Turkey is one of the key trading partners of the European Union (EU), and the U.S. is Turkey's fourth largest trading partner with 2007 exports to Turkey at $6.4 billion (Business, 2008). A number of reforms have been undertaken in Turkey to align policies and standards with those of the EU, to remove entry barriers for international firms along with increased privatization, and to develop human capita

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Americans expect that constitutionally guaranteed rights, including specific privacy rights such as the right to be free from libel, defamation, or illegal searches and seizures, will be both respected and protected by law. At issue in this brief essay is an analysis of the privacy expectations of Americans, the responsibilities of the mass media with respect to privacy rights, and the importance of the free press in many different settings. There are three general types of privacy, bodily or physical privacy, mental or communicational privacy, and informational privacy (Applegate, 2007). Many individuals find themselves thrust into the public eye either voluntarily or involuntarily. When this occurs, the press is present and in all likelihood will write about or videotape the individuals even if they wish otherwise. Regardless of whether or not an individual who is in the public eye wishes to remain private, the First Amendment to the U.S. Constitution guarantees that a free

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Robert Frost's use of imagery in his poems is skillful and meaningful. The imagery is characterized by two salient attributes-playfulness and anthropomorphism. His images are, as Martin Bidney calls them, "secretive-playful epiphanies" that sometimes reflect solitude, other times companionship, and usually "the ambivalent imagination" (1). At the same time, Frost's images are anthropomorphic, ascribing human traits to trees, leaves, and other elements of nature in a manner that unites the non-human entities of nature with their human counterparts. In "A Prayer in the Spring," for example, Frost's playfulness manifests in thoughts of "happy bees" and "perfect trees," which he equates with love, asserting that "nothing else is love" (line 13). Frost's "ambivalent imagination" in this poem is that of a man enjoying thoughts of love and nature and urging his reader to enjoy the moment rather than "to think so far away as the uncertain harvest" (lines 2-3). The flow

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Despite its extreme difference in historical setting and urgency, Martin Luther King Jr.'s "Letter from a Birmingham Jail" mirrors many of the sentiments expressed in On Liberty by John Stuart Mill. In fact, this paper will demonstrate how King and Mill, separated by a century, shared a remarkably similar philosophy on injustice by revealing how the ideas in On Liberty are present in King's letter. While King's prose is more colorful and rhetorical than Mill's methodical philosophic style, both writers view individuals' rights as the centerpiece of a just society with relatively minor distinctions. Both also draw on similar sources to inspire their beliefs. The crux of On Liberty is the relationship between the society and the individual. Mill focuses first on the individual. He writes, "the individual is not accountable to society for his actions insofar as these concern the interests of no person but himself" (Mill, 156). Nevertheless, when one's actions begin to affect ot

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India's demographic profile is one of the more fascinating ones in the world. The country has been growing rapidly over the past fifty years, largely due to sharp declines in the mortality rate that have not been matched by declines in the birth rate over this period (although both rates, as we shall see, have been declining). The rapidly expanding Indian population has also become much more fluid over the past decades, with internal migration and mobility increasing significantly. Unfortunately, the increasing migration has been accompanied by a skyrocketing rate of HIV/AIDS infection, largely because sex workers and truck drivers have formed a key component of India's recent migration explosion. As some demographic scholars have noted, "changes in fertility and mortality are asynchronous. Mortality rates (especially infant mortality rates) fall earlier and fast; fertility rates fall later and slowly" (Joshi). This means that, as a country's mortality rate falls, a bulge in

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Egress is a general term used to refer to exiting a building or the exit routes that are available. According to the U.S. Department of Labor (2007), the National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) Life Safety Code is the most widely used fire protection code in the United States, addressing such topics as providing means of egress from buildings. In general, the NFPA and the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) (2007) have taken steps to define elements related to the means of egress along with the design of egress systems. Specifically, OSHA (2007) defines exit as that portion of an exit route that is generally separated from other areas in order to provide a protected way of travel to the exit discharge. Exit access means that portion of the exit route that leads directly to an exit such as a corridor on the fifth floor of an office building that leads to a two-hour fire resistance-rated enclosed stairway. OSHA (2007) identifies exit discharge as part of th

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1. According to a document published online by the injury board.com, medication errors committed by doctors, nurses, and other healthcare professionals include prescribing the wrong type of drug, ordering an improper dose, giving a patient a drug that he or she is allergic to, or combining medications that are incompatible. Statistics suggest that the average medical doctor commits four prescription drug-related errors for every 1,000 prescriptions written. Some typical medication mistakes include failing to adjust dosages due to a decline in the patient's kidney or liver function, failing to inquire about the patient's history of drug allergies, transcribing the wrong drug name on the prescription pad, and calculating the wrong dose for the patient's physical and medical condition (2008). According to a study conducted at the Fairview Southdale Hospital by Janell Stroshane, Kay Graf, and Steven Meisel titled An Interdisciplinary Model for Reducing Intravenous Heparin E

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Three research questions addressed by Zhou and Logan are stated in the first paragraph of their paper on residential mobility by residents of Chinatown in New York City: (1) the question of the overall scale of segregation of New York's Chinese from other social groups; (2) the degree to which decentralization and suburbanization (i.e., moving out of Chinatown) are linked to lower-level segregation; and (3) the characteristics of individual householders that are linked to decentralization and the general residential direction that these characteristics make them point. Noting that previous studies of ethnic-minority social patterns predict "gradual but progressive assimilation," the authors inevitably also intend to interrogate the adequacy of the theoretical model of research into full minority-group inclusion in society, in light of the unique characteristics of the Chinatown enclave in New York, which "has survived for more than 140 years and retains a strong ethnic economy"

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Palm Islands' Environmental Effect If there is anything that the United Arab Emirates has proven that it does well, it is business. Jitendra (1) described the general business environment in the UAE as follows: Before 1984, each emirate, Dubai, Abu Dhabi, Sharjah, Ajman, Ras Al Khaimah, Umm Al Quwain and Fujairah, followed its own procedures governing the operations of foreign business interests. In 1984, Federal Law No.8 of 1984, its amendment by Federal Law No.13 of 1988 - the 'commercial Companies Law' and its by-laws have been issued. The law makes it conditional that nationals must wholly own the companies or that nationals must own at least 51% of its share capital, while the remaining 49% may belong to foreigners. Dubai and the UAE are the largest market in the Middle East, second only to Saudi Arabia in terms of total trade (O'Sullivan 64). To attract foreign businesses, Dubai, said John William Fenn (36), has made moves to create a commercial and le

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To define the poetic style of Langston Hughes requires one to delve into the ranging content of his poems. The brash, rhythmic Harlem Renaissance poet wrote on everything from the celebration of family to the soft sounds of a summer night. However, a constant theme throughout his poetry is racial identity. This paper will demonstrate how Hughes combined two major poetic styles, the dramatic monologue and the lyric, in order to convey his messages about identity in America. It will examine ten of Hughes' poems in order to discover how his innovative style is carried throughout his career. In his exegesis on the dramatic monologue, Robert Langbaum explains that the dramatic monologue style is substantially different from other forms of poetry. Langbaum's insight is that the dramatic monologue is "poetry of sympathy." It seeks to attract sympathy for the complexity underlying the identity of the poem's voice. The lyric, on the other hand, is what dramatic monologue writers like Brow

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Tubulidentata is a member of the Eukarya domain, the Animalia kingdom, Chordata phylum, and Mammalia class, Tubulidentata order, Orycteropodidae family, and the Eutheria subclass and contains only one living species, the Orycteropus afer, or aardvark ("Taxonomic Summary;" "Tubulidentata"). Eutheria consists of animals that have placentas, including "all mammals except monotremes and marsupials" ("Eutheria," 2008). The order is unique because of the unusual teeth that its members have("numerous hexagonal prisms of dentine surrounding tubular pulp cavities" ("Tubulidentata"). Aardvarks are found in Africa and live in the savannas, grasslands, woodlands, and bush, but do not live in the desert, because there is nothing there for them to eat (Armen, 2007). They like to eat small insects, primarily ants and termites, but they also feed on plants (Armen, 2007; "Tubulidentata"). The word "aardvark" is an Afrikaner word meaning "earth hog," which refers to the fact that it resembles a pig, alth

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